Women in the Scientific Professions

Citations here cover astronomy and space sciences. For related references, see MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, and PHYSICS.

GENERAL

503 Boyle, Charles P. “Women in Space.” JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE EDUCATION 5, no.4 (May 1978): 8-9. Brief history of women as astronauts, written before Sally Ride’s pioneering flight.

504 Cowley, A., et al. “Report to the Council of the AAS from the Working Group on the Status of Women in Astronomy.” American Astronomical Society BULLETIN 6, no.3, part II (1974): 412-423. Includes numerous graphs and statistical tables.

505 Davis, Herman S. “Women Astronomers.” POPULAR ASTRONOMY 6, nos.3&4 (May & June 1898) Part I (400 A.D.-1750), May 1898: 128-138; Part II (1750-1890), June 1898: 211-220; Part III (“Contemporary”) June 1898: 220-228. Three-part biographical essay, with a review of Alphonse Rebiere’s LES FEMMES DANS LA SCIENCE, Paris, 1897.

506 Fleming, Mrs. M. (Williamina P.) “A Field for Woman’s Work in Astronomy.” ASTRONOMY AND ASTRO-PHYSICS 12, no.8 (October 1893): 683-689. Discusses astro-photography and opportunities for women.

507 Fraknoi, Andrew, and Freitag, Ruth. “Astronomical Resources – Women in Astronomy: A Bibliography.” MERCURY 21, no.1 (January/February 1992): 46-47. References on 21 women astronomers including: Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Margaret Burbridge, Annie Cannon, and Sandra Faber.

508 Grinstein, Louise S. “Women in Physics and Astronomy: A Selected Bibliography.” SOCIAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS 80, no.5 (May/June 1980): 384-398.

509 INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION COMMISSION 46 — TEACHING ASTRONOMY NEWSLETTER (December 1981); Special Issue: “Women in Astronomy.” Includes “Women in Astronomy in France,” by Lucianne Gougenheim; “The Education and Astronomical Careers of Women in Poland,” by Cecylia Iwaniszewska; “Women in Astronomy in the U.S.,” by Caty Pilachowski; and “Women in Astronomy in the U.S.S.R.,” by E. Kononovich.

510 Jones, Bessie Z., and Boyd, Lyle. THE HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY: THE FIRST FOUR DIRECTORSHIPS, 1839-1919. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971. See chapter II, “A Field for Women.”

511 Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich. “Women Astronomers in Britain, 1780-1930.” ISIS 75 (September 1984): 534-546.

512 Kistiakowsky, Vera. “Women in Physics and Astronomy.” In EXPANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES, ed. by Anne Briscoe and Sheila Pfafflin, 35-47. A look at women’s status in the 1970s. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 323; 1979.) Includes statistical tables.

513 Lankford, John, and Slavings, Rickey L. “Gender and Science: Women in American Astronomy, 1859-1940.” PHYSICS TODAY 43, no.3 (March 1990): 58-65. For responses to this article, see “Giving Women Astronomers Their Due” in PHYSICS TODAY 43 pt.1 (August 1990): 91-92.

514 Mack, Pamela E. “Strategies and Compromises: Women in Astronomy at Harvard College Observatory, 1870-1920.” JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY 21 (1990): 65-76.

515 Mack, Pamela E. “Straying from Their Orbits: Women in Astronomy in America.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.72-116. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

516 Reed, H. “Women’s Work at Harvard Observatory.” NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE 6 (1892): 174.

517 Slavings, Rickey L. “Gender and Science: Women in American Astronomy, 1859-1940.” PHYSICS TODAY 43, no.3 (March 1990): 58-65.

518 SPACE FOR WOMEN: PERSPECTIVES ON CAREERS IN SCIENCE. Cambridge, MA: Center for Astrophysics, 1976. Summarizes a 1975 symposium on careers for women in astronomy, astrophysics, and earth and planetary sciences.

519 “Two Star-Catalogue Anniversaries (E. HEVELIUS PRODROMUS ASTRONOMIAE and THE DRAPER CATALOGUE OF STELLAR SPECTRA).” SKY & TELESCOPE 80 (October 1990): 349-350. Both catalogues were compiled by women: Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius and Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming.

520 Warner, Deborah J. “Women Astronomers.” NATURAL HISTORY 88, no.5 (May 1979): 12-26. Overview of women’s place in American astronomy from the mid-19th century to the present.

521 “Women in Astronomy: A Sampler of Issues and Ideas.” MERCURY 21, no.1 (January 1992): 27-37.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: Many obituaries of women astronomers have been published in such periodicals as the JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH ASTRONOMICAL ASSOCIATION, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, and POPULAR ASTRONOMY. NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), contains entries for Annie Jump Cannon, Williamina Fleming, Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Maria Mitchell, Sarah Frances Whiting, and Mary Watson Whitney. Antonia Maury is covered in NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980). Consult also the section on “Astronomers” in WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH: AN AMERICAN BIO-BIBLIOGRPAHY, 1724-1979, by Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thomas Finley (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1985).

522 Abell, George O. “Interview with Margaret Geller.” In REALM OF THE UNIVERSE, by George O. Abell, pp.480-483. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College Pub., 1992.

523 Bartusiak, Marcia. “The Woman Who Spins the Stars.” DISCOVER (October 1990): 88-94. Career biography of Vera Rubin.

524 Bell Burnell, Jocelyn. “Little Green Men, White Dwarfs, or What?” SKY & TELESCOPE 55, no.3 (March 1978): 218+. Recounts her experience in the discovery of pulsars.

525 “Beryl Potter.” PHYSICS TODAY 39 (February 1986): 92. Obituary.

526 Bracher, Katherine. “Dorothea Klumpke Roberts: A Forgotten Astronomer.” MERCURY 10 (1981): 139-140.

527 Bullard, Margaret. “My Small Newtonian Sweeper — Where is it Now?” NOTES AND RECORDS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 42 (1988): 139-148. On telescopes used by Caroline Herschel.

528 Campbell, Leon. “Annie Jump Cannon.” POPULAR ASTRONOMY 49 (1941): 345-347.

529 Cannon, Annie J. “Williamina Paton Fleming.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 34, no.1 (July 1911): 311-317. Obituary.

530 “Caroline Ellen Furness.” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE R.A.S. 97 (February 1937): 272-3. Obituary.

531 Dobson, Andrea K., and Bracher, Katherine. “Urania’s Heritage: A Historical Introduction to Women in Astronomy.” MERCURY 21, no.1 (January/February 1992): 4-15. Includes Caroline Herschel, Maria Mitchell, Cecilia Gaposchkin, and others.

532 “Frances Wright, 1897-1989.” SKY & TELESCOPE 78 (November 1989): 460.

533 Furness, Caroline E. “Mary W. Whitney.” POPULAR ASTRONOMY 30 (1922): 597-608; 31 (1923): 25-36.

534 Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena Payne; ed. by Katherine Haramundanis. CECILIA PAYNE-GAPOSCHKIN: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND OTHER RECOLLECTIONS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

535 Goldsmith, Donald. THE ASTRONOMERS. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991. See chapter 5 on M. Geller.

536 Greenstein, George. “Neutron Stars and the Discovery of Pulsars.” MERCURY 14, no.2 (March/April 1985): 34-39; and 14, no.3 (May/June 1985): 66-73. On Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s and Antony Hewish’s work on pulsars. Excerpted from Greenstein’s 1983 book FROZEN STAR.

537 Harry, Owen. “The Hon. Mrs. Ward (1827-1869): A Wife, Mother, Microscopist and Astronomer in Ireland 1854-1869.” In SCIENCE IN IRELAND, 1800-1930: TRADITION AND REFORM, ed. John R. Nudds et al. Dublin: Trinity College Dublin, 1988.

538 Herschel, Mary Cornwallis (Mrs. John Herschel) MEMOIR AND CORRESPONDENCE OF CAROLINE HERSCHEL. London: John Murray, 1876.

539 Hill, Edward. MY DAUGHTER BEATRICE: A PERSONAL MEMOIR OF DR. BEATRICE TINSLEY, ASTRONOMER. New York: American Physical Society, 1986.

540 Hoffleit, Dorrit. “Antonia Maury.” SKY & TELESCOPE 9, no.5 (March 1952): 106. Obituary.

541 Hoffleit, Dorrit. “Some Glimpses From My Career.” MERCURY 21, no.1 (January/February 1992): 16-18. In special issue on women in astronomy.

542 Hogg, Helen Sawyer. “Anne Sewell Young.” QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 3 (1962): 355-357.

543 Hogg, Helen Sawyer. “A. Vibert Douglas (obituary).” PHYSICS TODAY 42, (July 1989): 88-89. Canadian astrophysicist.

544 Hoskin, Michael, and Warner, Brian. “Caroline Herschel’s Comet Sweepers.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY 12 (1981): 27-34.

545 Kendall, Phebe Mitchell, comp. MARIA MITCHELL: LIFE, LETTERS, AND JOURNALS. Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1896.

546 Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich. “Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: Astronomy in the Family.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.216-238. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

547 Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich. “Three Women of American Astronomy (Maria Mitchell (1818-1889), Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941), and Cecilia Payne- Gaposchkin (1900-1979)) AMERICAN SCIENTIST 78 (May/June 1990): 244-251.

548 Klumpke, Dorothea. “The Work of Women in Astronomy.” OBSERVATORY 22 (August 1899): 295-300. Antiquity through 19th century.

549 Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory. “Maria Mitchell: The Advancement of Women in Science.” NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY 51, no.1 (March 1978): 39-63. Draws extensively on primary sources as evidence of Mitchell’s work on behalf of women. Repr. in UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, pp.129-146. Ed. by Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

550 Lightman, Alan P., and Brawer, Roberta. ORIGINS: THE LIVES AND WORLDS OF MODERN COSMOLOGISTS. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990. Includes interviews with astronomers Vera Rubin, pp.285-305, and Margaret Geller, pp.359-377.

551 Lubbock, Constance A. THE HERSCHEL CHRONICLE: THE LIFE-STORY OF WILLIAM HERSCHEL AND HIS SISTER CAROLINE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933. Written by William Herschel’s granddaughter.

552 Mary Thomas a Kempis, Sister. “Caroline Herschel.” SCRIPTA MATHEMATICA 21, no.4 (June 1955): 237-251.

553 McKenney, Anne P. “What Women Have Done for Astronomy in the United States.” POPULAR ASTRONOMY 12 (March 1904): 171-182. Biographical sketches.

554 Merriam, Eve, ed. “Maria Mitchell.” In GROWING UP FEMALE IN AMERICA: TEN LIVES, ed. by Eve Merriam, pp.75-92. Extracts from Mitchell’s diary, selected for the general reader. New York: Doubleday, 1971.

555 Mitchell, Helen Buss. “Henrietta Swan Leavitt and Cepheid Variables.” PHYSICS TEACHER 14, no.2 (February 1976): 162-167. Biographical sketch.

556 Nelson, Debra L. “Daughters of the Sky: A Brief History of Women in Astronomy.” GRIFFITH OBSERVER 47, no.3 (March 1983): 2-10. With illustrations.

557 Newall, H. “Dame Margaret Lindsay Huggins.” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE R.A.S. 76 (February 1916): 278-82. Obituary.

558 O’Meara, Stephen James. “Women in Astronomy.” SKY & TELESCOPE 77 (March 1989): 317-318.

559 Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey. “Caroline Herschel’s Contributions to Astronomy.” ANNALS OF SCIENCE 32 (1975): 149-161.

560 Oles, Carole. NIGHT WATCHES: INVENTIONS ON THE LIFE OF MARIA MITCHELL. Cambridge, MA: A. James Books, 1985.

561 Opalko, Jane. “Maria Mitchell’s Haunting Legacy.” SKY & TELESCOPE 83 (May 1992): 505-7.

562 Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia H. “Miss Cannon and Stellar Spectroscopy.” THE TELESCOPE 8, no.3 (1941): 62-3. On Cannon’s work on the Henry Draper Catalogue.

563 Reed, George. “The Discovery of Pulsars: Was Credit Given Where It Was Due?” ASTRONOMY 11, no.12 (December 1983): 24-28. On Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s exclusion from the 1974 Nobel Prize.

564 Reynolds, J. “Dorothea Klumpke Roberts.” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE R.A.S. 104, no.2 (1944): 92+.

565 Richardson, Robert S. THE STAR LOVERS. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Chapter 11 is on Margaret Huggins and other women astronomers: pp.157-178.

566 Rizzo, P.V. “Early Daughters of Urania.” SKY AND TELESCOPE 14, no.1 (November 1954): 7-9. Identifies “lady astronomers” before Caroline Herschel.

567 Robinson, Leif J. “Obituary [of Antoinette de Vaucouleurs]” SKY & TELESCOPE 74 (December 1987): 598. For another obituary see, “Antoinette de Vaucouleurs,” by Frank Bash, Harlan J. Smith, and J. Craig Wheeler. PHYSICS TODAY 41 (July 1988): 92.

568 Rubin, Vera. “Women’s Work: Discrimination Against Women in Astronomy.” SCIENCE 86, v.7 (July/August 1986): 58-65. Discusses the careers of Maria Mitchell, Annie Jump Cannon and others.

569 Schiebinger, Londa L. “Maria Winkelmann at the Berlin Academy: A Turning Point for Women in Science.” ISIS 78, no.292 (1987): 172-198. Also published in “Maria Winkelmann: The Clash Between Guild Traditions and Professional Science,” in CURRENT ISSUES IN WOMEN’S HISTORY, ed. Arina Angerman, Geerte Binnema, Annemieke Keunen, Vefie Poels, Jacqueline Zirkzee. (London/New York: Routledge, 1989), and in GENDERED DOMAINS: RETHINKING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE IN WOMEN’S HISTORY, ed. Dorothy Helly and Susan Reverby (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992), pp.56-70.

570 Smith, E. “Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin.” PHYSICS TODAY (June 1980): 64.

571 Spradley, Joseph L. “The Industrious Mrs. Fleming.” ASTRONOMY 18 (July 1990): 48-51. The first American woman admitted to the Royal Astronomical Society (1906).

572 Spradley, Joseph L. “Women and the Stars.” PHYSICS TEACHER 28, no.6 (September 1990): 372-377. Describes the work of 15 women astronomers.

573 Stephens, Sally. “Vera Rubin: An Unconventional Career.” MERCURY 21, no.1 (January/February 1992): 38-45.

574 Thompson, Grace A. “Williamina Fleming.” NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE 48 (1912): 458-467.

575 Tousey, R. “The Solar Spectrum from Fraunhofer to Skylab: An Appreciation of the Contribution of Charlotte Moore Sitterly.” JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 5, no.10 (October 1988): 2230-2236. Chiefly technical description of Sitterly’s work in solar spectroscopy.

576 Weitzenhoffer, Kenneth. “The Education of Mary Somerville.” SKY AND TELESCOPE 73 (February 1987): 138-139. Nineteenth-century astronomer who wrote THE MECHANISM OF THE HEAVENS: ON THE CONNEXION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, AND MOLECULAR AND MICROSCOPIC SCIENCE.

577 Weitzenhoffer, Kenneth. “A Forgotten Astronomer (Elizabeth Brown).” ASTRONOMY 20 (October 1992): 13-14.

578 Weitzenhoffer, Kenneth. “The Triumph of Dorothea Klumpke.” SKY AND TELESCOPE 72 (August 1986): 109-110.

579 Welther, B. “Annie Jump Cannon: Classifier of the Stars.” MERCURY 8, no.1 (January-February 1984): 28-29.

580 Whineray, Scott, ed. “Beatrice (Hill) Tinsley, 1941-1981, Astronomer: A Tribute in Memory of an Outstanding Physicist.” Palmerston North, N.Z.: Massey University, New Zealand Institute of Physics Education Committee, 1985.

581 Whitney, Charles A. “Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: An Astronomer’s Astronomer.” SKY & TELESCOPE 59, no.3 (March 1980): 212-214.

582 Wright, Helen. SWEEPER IN THE SKY: THE LIFE OF MARIA MITCHELL, FIRST WOMAN ASTRONOMER IN AMERICA. New York: Macmillan, 1949.

Chemistry (583-674)

Because women chemists contributed to many scientific fields, this section overlaps with others. Some of the listings will also be found under HOME ECONOMICS/DOMESTIC SCIENCE and NATURAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND LIFE SCIENCES in particular. Besides the listings below, many short news items on the status of women in chemistry have appeared over the years in CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NEWS.

REFERENCE

583 Grinstein, Louise S., Rose, Rose K., and Rafailovich, Miriam H., eds. WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS: A BIOBIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCEBOOK. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993. Biographies of seventy-five chemists and physicists accompanied by bibliographies of works by and about each.

GENERAL

584 Adams, F. W. “Opportunities for Women as Research Bibliographers.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 12 (January 1935): 581-583. Describes the position of bibliographer in an industrial research organization, for which “women are temperamentally well equipped.”

585 Chepelinsky, Ana Berta, et al. “Women in Chemistry: Part of the 51% Minority.” SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE 4, no.4 (July 1972): 4-8. Focuses on “the mechanisms by which women are kept ‘in their place’ using chemistry as an example.” Repr. in SCIENCE AND LIBERATION, pp.257-266. Ed. by Rita Arditti, Pat Brennan, and Steve Cavrak. Boston: South End Press, 1980.

586 Cortelyou, Ethaline. “Counseling the Woman Chemistry Major.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 32 (April 1955): 196-197. Touts technical editing as a career.

587 Everett, K. G., and Deloach, W. S. “Chemistry Doctorates Awarded to Women in the United States – A Historical Perspective.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 68, iss.7 (1991): 545-547.

588 Farnsworth, Marie K. “Women in Chemistry: A Statistical Study.” INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTY 3 (1925): 4.

589 Foster, Mary Louise. “The Education of Spanish Women in Chemistry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 8, no.1 (January 1931): 30-34.

590 French, Ethel L. “A Survey of the Training and Placement of Women Chemistry Majors in Women’s and Co-Educational Colleges.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 574-577. Includes statistical tables.

591 “The Future Role of Women in Science and the World.” CHEMIST 57, no.1 (January 1980): 3-18. Twenty-three professional women share their views.

592 Gramse, Erna L. “Women in Chemistry.” CHEMIST 54, no.5 (1977): 14-15.

593 Handler, Bonnie S., and Shmurak, Carole B. “Rigor, Resolve, Religion: Mary Lyon and Science Education.” TEACHING EDUCATION 3, no.2 (Winter/Spring 1991): 137-142. Lyon was the founder of Mount Holyoke College where she established a chemistry department responsible for training many women chemists.

594 Hearsey, Evelyn. “The Woman Chemist in the Control Laboratory: Training and Qualifications.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 587. Brief statement about women’s innate qualifications and training needs.

595 Houlihan, Sherida, and Wotiz, John H. “Women in Chemistry Before 1900.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 52, no.6 (June 1975): 362-364. Chronological account of key figures since antiquity.

596 Hunter, Elizabeth. “Women as Patent Attorneys.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 589-590. Suggests career pathways for working with patents.

597 Jones, Julie. “Women in Cereal Chemistry.” FOODS WORLD 21, no.5 (May 1976): 206-208.

598 Landis, W.S. “Women Chemists in Industry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 577-579. Discusses barriers to women’s success in industry — primarily sex-typed upbringing and education, and women’s own “psychology.”

599 Lindee, M. Susan. “The American Career of Jane Marcet’s CONVERSATIONS ON CHEMISTRY, 1806-1853.” ISIS 82 (March 1991): 8-23.

600 Mason, Joan. “A Forty Years’ War.” CHEMISTRY IN BRITAIN 27 (1991): 233-238. On getting women admitted to the Chemical Society of London.

601 Miller, Jane A. “Daughters of Isis: Women in Chemistry.” 2YC DISTILLATE 3, no.3 (1985): 1+.

602 Miller, Jane A. “Women in Chemistry.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.300-334. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

603 Nixon, Alan. “Changing Attitudes Toward Women in the Profession of Chemistry.” In EXPANDING THE ROLE OF THE WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES, ed. by Anne Briscoe and Sheila Pfafflin, pp.146-172. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 323; 1979.)

604 Parrish, John B. “Women BS Graduates in Chemistry: A Survey of Career Experience.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 42, no.4 (April 1965): 216-217. Surveys women who graduated from eight Big Ten universities, 1958-1963.

605 Parrish, John B. “Women PhDs in Chemistry: A Survey of Career Data.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 41, no.9 (September 1964): 506-508. Statistical study; pays special attention to dual role of chemist and mother.

606 Rawls, Rebecca L., and Fox, Jeffrey L. “Women in Academic Chemistry Find Rise to Full Status Difficult.” CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS 56, no.37 (September 11, 1978): 26-32, 36.

607 Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W., and Frenette, H. “Some French Women Chemists.” EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY 22, no.6 (November 1985): 176-178. Briefly treats Marie Meurdrac, Marie Lavoisier, Claudine Picardet, Albertine Necker de Saussure, and Marguerite Perey.

608 Roscher, Nina M., and Cavanaugh, Margaret A. “Academic Women Chemists in the 20th Century: Past, Present, Projections.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 64 (October 1987): 823-827. Discussion: 66 (May 1989): 447-448; Part II: 69 (November 1992): 870-873.

609 Roscher, Nina M., and Ammons, Phillip L. “Early Women Chemists of the Northeast.” JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 71, no.4 (December 1981): 177-182.

610 Roscher, Nina M. “Women Chemists.” CHEMTECH 6, no.12 (December 1976): 738-743. Profiles selected Garvan medalists.

611 Sherman, H.C. “Training and Opportunities for Women in Chemistry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 579-581. Brief overview, emphasizing home economics, food chemistry, and nutrition as areas for women.

612 Snell, Cornelia T. “Organic Analysis as a Tool for Women Chemists.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 27 (March 1950): 138-141. Describes the challenges in chemical analysis and why women excel at it.

613 Snell, Cornelia T. “Women as Professional Chemists.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 25 (August 1948): 450-453. Advises on college training, fields of specialized work, opportun ities for advancement, and job hunting.

614 Snell, Cornelia T. “Writing About Chemistry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 588. Opportunities for secretaries, editors, and technical writers.

615 Vetter, Betty M. “Women in Chemistry: Challenges of Finding, Keeping a Job.” CHEMIST 53, no.7 (1976): 4-6.

616 Wallace, Earl K. “A Survey of Chemistry in Women’s Colleges.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 14 (June 1937): 285. Includes tables and charts of various aspects of chemistry curriculum in American women’s colleges.

617 Weirick, Elizabeth. “Experiences in Merchandise Control.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 585-587. Describes technical laboratories at Sears, Roebuck & Co. and the career path of their female chief.

618 Whitsitt, May L. “A Backward Glance Gives a Forward Look.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 590-594. Summary paper for 1939 Symposium on Training and Opportunities for Women in Chemistry. Documents discrimination. See also other papers in the same issue.

619 Wikoff, Helen L. “Occupations and Earnings of Women in Chemistry.” INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 25 (1933): 467-472.

620 “Women in Chemistry.” CHEMIST 52, no.7 (1976): 14-15.

621 WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY: A STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL OPPORTUNITIES. New York: Bureau of Vocational Information, 1922.

622 “Women’s Club Study Course in American Chemistry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 7 (Febraury 1930): 325-340. Syllabus for non-technical chemistry course, with readings and assigned questions.

623 Woodford, Lois W. “Trends in the Industrial Employment of Women Chemists.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 22 (May 1945): 236-238. A look at post-war opportunities.

624 Worner, Ruby K. “Opportunites for Women Chemists in Washington.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 16 (December 1939): 583-585. Surveys federal employment.

625 Zinberg, Dorothy. “The Past Decade for Women Scientists — Win, Lose, or Draw?” TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 2, no.6 (1977): 123-126.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: Biographies of Rachel Bodley, Dorothy Hahn, and Ellen Richards are included in NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971). NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980) has entries for Emma Perry Carr and Mary Engle Pennington. Twenty-four women are covered under “Chemists and Biochemists” in WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH: AN AMERICAN BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1724-1979, by Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thomas Finley (Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1985). Obituaries and short biographical profiles of women chemists have appeared in CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NEWS, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION, and other journals in the field. Women are represented in AMERICAN CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, edited by Wyndham D. Miles (Washington: American Chemical Society, 1976). Works on Marie Curie are listed in this section.

626 Armstrong, Evan. “Jane Marcet and Her `Conversations on Chemistry’.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 15, no.2 (February 1938): 53-57.

627 Barr, E. Scott. “The Incredible Marie Curie and Her Family.” PHYSICS TEACHER 2 (1964): 251-259. Includes Irene Joliet-Curie.

628 Bartow, Virginia. “Philosophical Studies by the Duchess of Newcastle.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 34 (1957): 82.

629 Bigland, Eileen. MADAME CURIE New York: Criterion Books, 1957.

630 Bishop, Lloyd D., and Deloach, Will S. “Marie Meurdrac — First Lady of Chemistry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 47 (1970): 448-449.

631 Briscoe, Anne. “Diary of a Mad Feminist Chemist.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S STUIDES 4, no.4 (September/October 1981): 420-430. Autobiographical account, with background on the Association for Women in Science.

632 Briscoe, Anne. “Scientific Sexism: The World of Chemistry.” In WOMEN IN SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PROFESSIONS, ed. by Violet B. Haas & Carolyn Perrucci, pp.147-159. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984. Contains autobiographical material.

633 Brody, Judith. “Behind Every Great Scientist…Madame Lavoisier Was Not Just the Wife of the Famous Chemist.” NEW SCIENTIST 116 (December 24-31, 1987): 19-21.

634 Brown, Sanborn C. COUNT RUMFORD, PHYSICIST EXTRAORDINARY. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962. See material on Marie Lavoisier, pp.138, 141-145, 150-152.

635 Creese, Mary R.S., and Creese, Thomas M. “Laura Alberta Linton (1853-1915): An American Chemist.” BULLETIN FOR THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY 8 (1990): 15-18.

636 Crellin, John K. “Mrs. Marcet’s `Conversations on Chemistry’.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 56 (1979): 459-460.

637 Creese, Mary R.S. “British Women of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Who Contributed to Research in the Chemical Sciences.” THE BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE 24 (September 1991): 275-305.

638 Curie, Eve. MADAME CURIE. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1937. Classic biography of Marie Curie, by her daughter. Repr. Jersey City, NJ: DaCapo, 1986.

639 Davis, Kathleen A. “Katherine Blodgett and Thin Films.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 61 (May 1984): 437-439.

640 Derrick, M. Elizabeth. “Agnes Pockels, 1862-1935.” JOURNAL OF

641 Duveen, Denis I. “Madame Lavoisier.” CHYMIA: ANNUAL STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY 4 (1953): 13-29.

642 Elder, Eleanor S. “Agnes Pockels: Indeed a Lady.” CHEMISTRY 47, no.1 (1974): 10-12.

643 Farago, Peter. “Interview with Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 54 (1977): 214-216. Biochemist, crystallographer, 1964 Nobelist.

644 Giroud, Fran oise. MARIE CURIE: A LIFE. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1986. Translated by Lydia Davis.

645 Gleiser, Molly. “The Garvan Women.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 62 (1985): 1065-1068.

646 Hartwell, Anne. “Mary E. Pennington, Who Keeps Cold Storage Cold.” WOMAN’S JOURNAL 15, no.11 (November 1930): 11, 42-43. Interview with “America’s foremost woman chemist.”

647 Hoobler, Icie Gertrude Macy. BOUNDLESS HORIZONS: PORTRAIT OF A PIONEER WOMAN SCIENTIST. Smithtown, NY: Exposition Press, 1982. A biochemist concerned with nutrition.

648 Hunt, Caroline L. THE LIFE OF ELLEN H. RICHARDS. Boston: Whitcomb & Barrows, 1912. Repr. Washington: American Home Economics Association, 1958.

649 Jennings, Bojan Hamlin. “The Professional Life of Emma Perry Carr.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 63 (1986): 923-927.

650 Julian, Maureen M. “Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Nobel Laureate.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 59 (1982): 124.

651 Julian, Maureen M. “Dorothy Wrinch and a Search for the Structure of Proteins.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 61, no.10, (October 1984): 890-891.

652 Julian, Maureen M. “Isabella L. Karle and a New Mathematical Breakthrough in Crystallography.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 63 (1986): 66-67.

653 Kampmeier, R. H. “Ann Stone Minot (1894-1980): Clinical Chemist and Teacher.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 32 (1986): 1602-1609.

654 Kampmeier, R. H. “Ann Stone Minot: Vanderbilt Teacher and Clinical Chemist, 1894-1980.” NUTRITION HISTORY NOTES 24 (Fall 1985): 1-6.

655 Meites, Samuel. “Willey Glover Denis (1879-1929), Pioneer Woman of Clinical Chemistry.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 31 (1985): 774-778.

656 Noble, Deborah. “Marie Curie: Half-Life of a Legend.” ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 65 (February 15, 1993): 215A-219A.

657 Okey, Ruth. “A Woman in Science: 1893-1973.” THE JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 118 (December 1988): 1425-1431. Autobiographical article.

658 Patai, Raphael. “Maria the Jewess: Founding Mother of Alchemy.” AMBIX 29 (1982): 177-197.

659 Pflaum, Rosalynd. GRAND OBSESSION: MADAME CURIE AND HER WORLD. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

660 Pramer, Stacey. “Mary Fieser: A Transitional Figure in the History of Women.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 62 (1985): 186-191.

661 Pycior, Helena M. “Marie Curie’s `Anti-natural Path’: Time Only for Science and Family.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.191-214. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

662 Rae, Ian D. “Clara Taylor (1885-1940).” CHEMISTRY IN BRITAIN 27 (1991): 145-148.

663 Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W. “Two British Women Chemists.” EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY 20 , no.4 (July 1983): 140-141. Treats Jane Marcet and Elizabeth Fulhame, both active in the late-18th and early-19th centuries.

664 Reid, Robert William. MARIE CURIE. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1974. Includes photographs.

665 Roscher, Nina M., and Nguyen, Chinh K. “Helen M. Dyer: A Pioneer in Cancer Research.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 63 (1986): 253-255.

666 Rosen, George. “Ellen H. Richards (1824-1911): Sanitary Chemist and Pioneer of Professional Equality for Women in Health Sciences.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 64 (1974): 312-323.

667 Sayre, Anne. ROSALIND FRANKLIN AND DNA. New York: Norton, 1975.

668 Shmurak, Carole B., and Handler, Bonnie S. “Castle of Science: Mount Holyoke College and the Preparation of Women in Chemistry, 1837-1941.” HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY 32, no.3 (Fall 1992): 315-342.

669 Shmurak, Carole B., and Handler, Bonnie S. “Lydia Shattuck: `A Streak of the Modern.'” TEACHING EDUCATION 3, no.2 (Winter-Spring 1991): 127-131. Shattuck taught chemistry and botany at Mount Holyoke in the mid-nineteenth century.

670 Smeaton, William A. “Madame Lavoisier, P.S. and E.I. DuPont de Nemours, and the Publication of Lavoisier’s `Memoires de Chemie.'” AMBIX: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF ALCHEMY AND CHEMISTRY 36 (1989): 22-30.

671 Smeaton, William A. “Monsieur and Madame Lavoisier in 1798: The Chemical Revolution and the French Revolution.” AMBIX: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF ALCHEMY AND CHEMISTRY 36 (1989): 1-4.

672 Tarbell, A.T., and Tarbell, D.S. “Helen Abbott Michael: Pioneer in Plant Chemistry.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 59 (1982): 548.

673 Weeks, Mary Elvira, and Dains, F.B. “Mrs. A.H. Lincoln Phelps and Her Services to Chemical Education.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 14 (1937): 53-57.

674 Weiner, Ruth. “Chemist and Eco-Freak.” In SUCCESSFUL WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS, ed. by Ruth B. Kundsin, pp.52-56. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 208; 1973.) Repr. with title, WOMEN AND SUCCESS: THE ANATOMY OF ACHIEVEMENT. New York: Morrow, 1974.

Geology and Earth Sciences (675-747)

Here are listed works on women in the geosciences, including geology and meteorology.

GENERAL

675 Aldrich, Michele L. “Women in Geology.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.42-71. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

676 Aldrich, Michele L. “Women in Paleontology in the United States, 1840-1960.” EARTH SCIENCES HISTORY 1 (1982): 14-22.

677 Arnold, Lois Barber. “American Women in Geology — A Historical Perspective.” GEOLOGY 5, no.8 (August 1977): 493-494. One of six papers in a symposium on “Women and Careers in Geoscience.”

678 Coates, Mary Sue. “Women Geologists Work Toward Equality.” GEOTIMES 31, no.11 (November 1986): 11-14. History and current status of women in geology.

679 Elder, Eleanor S. “Women in Early Geology.” JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION 30, no.5 (November 1982): 287-293. Biographical sketches of Martine de Bertereau, Baroness de Beausoleil (ca. 1602-1640); Mary Ann Anning (1799-1847); Elizabeth Philpot (1780?-1857); Erminnie Adele Platt Smith (1836-1886); Ida H. Ogilvie (1874-1963); Mignon Talbot (1869-1950); Carlotta J. Maury (1874-1938); Elizabeth Florette Fisher (1873-1941); Inge Lehmann (b.1888).

680 Geological Survey (U.S.) WINGS: WOMEN IN THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Denver, CO: Geologic Division Women’s Advisory Committee, Central Region, 1991. Bimonthly periodical which began in June 1991.

681 Halsey, Susan D. et al., eds. WOMEN IN GEOLOGY. Canton, NY: Ash Lad Press, 1976. Proceeding of the First Northeastern Women’s Geoscientists Conference, St. Lawrence University, 1976. Includes scientific papers and self- disclosing presentations by a panel of “role models.”

682 Johnson, Diane. “Women in Meteorology: A Glimpse of the Large-Scale Pattern.” WEATHERWISE 28, no.3 (June 1975): 108-113.

683 Rossiter, Margaret W. “Geology in Nineteenth Century Women’s Education in the United States.” JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION 29, no.5 (November 1981): 228-232.

684 Sand, Virginia Murphy, and Bunning, Bonnie Butler. “Ten Years of Progress for AGI’s Women Geoscientists Committee.” JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION 33, no.4 (September 1985): 212-215. Reviews the committee’s activities and charts gains in women’s education and employment.

685 Schrock, Robert Rakes. “Women in Geology at M.I.T.” In GEOLOGY AT M.I.T. 1865-1965, VOL. 2, pp.395-442. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982.

686 Schwarzer, Theresa F. “The Changing Status of Women in the Geosciences.” In EXPANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES, ed. by Anne Briscoe and Sheila Pfafflin, pp.48-64. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 323; 1979.) A look at women’s status in the 1970s. Includes statistical charts.

687 Simpson, Joanne, and LeMone, Margaret. “Women in Meteorology.” BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 55, no.2 (February 1974): 122-131.

688 Suiter, Marilyn J. “Women in Geoscience: A Resource to Develop.” GEOTIMES 37, no.1 (1992): 14-17.

689 Wallace, Jane H. “Women in the Survey.” GEOTIMES 24, no.3, (March 1979): 34. Covers women’s roles in the U.S. Geological Survey.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: Obituaries are the sole source of biographical background for many women geologists. For additional citations, consult GEOLOGISTS AND THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY FROM THE ORIGINS TO 1978, by William A.S. Sarjeant (7 vols., New York: Arno Press, 1980), and SUPPLEMENT, 1979-1984 AND ADDITIONS (Malabar, FL: R.E. Krieger, 1987). In NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), see the entry for Florence Bascom, and in NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), entries for Eleanora Knopf, Tilly Edinger, Winifred Goldring, and Julia Anna Gardner. Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thomas Finley’s WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH: AN AMERICAN BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1724- 1979 (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1985) covers eleven women geologists.

690 Adkins, Mary Grace Muse. “Helen Jeanne Plummer (1891-1951).” AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS BULLETIN 38, no.8 (August 1954): 1854-1857.

691 Andrews, S.M. DISCOVERY OF FOSSIL FISHES IN SCOTLAND UP TO 1845. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1982. Treats Lady Eliza Maria Gordon Cumming, pp.72-73.

692 Applin, E.R. “Memorial to Laura Lane Weinzierl.” JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY 2, no.4 (December 1928): 383.

693 Arnold, Lois Barber. “Florence Bascom and the Exclusion of Women from Earth Science Curriculum Materials.” JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION 23, no.4 (September 1975): 110-113.

694 Arnold, Lois Barber. “Ida Ogilvie.” BARNARD ALUMNAE MAGAZINE 67 (1978): 12-13.

695 Arnold, Lois Barber. “The Wissahickon Controversy: Florence Bascom vs. Her Students.” EARTH SCIENCE HISTORY 2, no.2 (1983): 130-142. Chronicles a split between a mentor and her protegees, unusual because all were women.

696 Behre, Charles H., Jr. “Memorial to Mary Welleck Garretson, 1896-1971.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 4 (1975): 72-73.

697 Berdan, Jean M. “Memorial to Esther Richards Applin, 1895-1972.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 4 (1975): 14-18.

698 Buzas, Martin A., and Low, Doris. “Memorial to Ruth Todd, 1913-1984.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 16 (1986).

699 Byers, Virginia, and Osterwald, Doris. “Memorial to Margaret Fuller Boos, 1892-1978.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 11 (1981).

700 Campbell, Catherine C. IAN AND CATHERINE CAMPBELL, GEOLOGISTS: TEACHING, GOVERNMENT SERVICE, EDITING. Berkeley, CA: Regional Oral History Office, the Bancroft Library, University of California, 1989.

701 Caster, Kenneth E. “Katherine Van Winkle Palmer, 1895-1982.” JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY 57, no.5 (September 1983): 1141-1144. Repr. in GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 17 (1987).

702 Christensen, Lawrence O. “Being Special: Women Students at the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy.” MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW 83, no.1 (1988): 17-35.

703 Christman, Robert A. “Marie B. Pabst (1909-1963).” JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION 11, no.3 (September 1963): 94.

704 Copeland, Charles W. “Memorial to Josie Winifred McGlamery, 1887-1977.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 9 (1979).

705 Dietrich, Richard. “Memorial to Anna I. Jonas Stose, 1881-1974.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 6 (1977).

706 Dinely, David L. “Shirley Coryndon, 1926-1976.” SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY NEWS BULLETIN no.111 (1977): 39-40.

707 Ellis, Brooks F. “Memorial to Angelina Rose Messina (1910-1968).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1968 (1971): 212-214.

708 Fahey, Joseph J. “Memorial to Margaret D. Foster, March 4, 1895 – November 5, 1970.” AMERICAN MINERALOGIST 56, no.3/4 (March/April 1971): 686-690.

709 Fisher, Donald W. “Memorial to Winifred Goldring, 1888-1971.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 3, (1974): 96-102.

710 Flower, Rousseau H. “Memorial to Helen M. Duncan, 1910-1971.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 5 (1977).

711 Gabunia, L., and Trofimov, B.A. “Vera Gromova, 1891-1973.” SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY NEWS BULLETIN no.99 (1973): 64-65.

712 Gershanovich, D. Ye. “Tat’yana Ivanova Gorshkova on Her Ninetieth Birthday.” OCEANOLOGY 26, no.3 (December 1986): 405-406.

713 Haff, John C. “Memorial to Mignon Talbot.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1951 (1952): 157-158.

714 Jesperson, Anna. “Memorial to Jewell Jeannette Glass (1888-1966).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1966 (1968): 225-227.

715 Jesperson, Anna. “Memorial to Marjorie Hooker, 1908-1976.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 8 (1978).

716 Kerr, Paul F. “Memorial to Peggy-Kay Hamilton (1922-1959).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1959 (1960): 133-136.

717 Knopf, Eleanora Bliss. “Memorial of Florence Bascom.” AMERICAN MINERALOGIST 31, no.3/4 (March/April 1946): 168-172.

718 Ladd, Harry S. “Memorial to Julia Anna Gardner (1882-1960).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1960 (1962): 87-92.

719 Leiser, J.B. “Fanny Carter Edson (1887-1952).” AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS BULLETIN 37, no.5 (May 1953): 1182-1186.

720 Maher, John C. “Esther Richards Applin (1895-1972).” AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS BULLETIN 57, no.3 (March 1973): 596-597.

721 Mayer, Dale C. “Not One to Stay at Home: The Papers of Lou Henry Hoover.” PROLOGUE 19, no.2 (1987): 85-93. Wife of President Herbert Hoover and the first woman in the United States to be granted a degree in geology.

722 Meadowcroft, Barbara. “Alice Wilson, 1881-1964: Explorer of the Earth Beneath Her Feet.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.204-219. Montreal: Vehicule Press; Buffalo, NY: U.S. distributor, University of Toronto Press, 1990.

723 Nicholson, Alexander. “Louise Jordan (1908-1966).” AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS BULLETIN 52, no.10 (October 1968): 2058-2059.

724 Oros, Margaret O. “Memorial to Virginia Harriett Kline (1910-1959).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1960 (1962): 115-117.

725 Packer, Duane R., and Dickinson, William R., and Nichols, Kathryn M. “Memorial to Marjorie K. Korringa, 1943-1974.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 6 (1977).

726 Palmer, Katherine Van Winkle. “Dorothy K. Palmer, 1897-1947.” JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY 22, no. 4 (July 1948): 518-519.

727 Patterson, Bryan. “Margaret Jean Ringier Hough, 1903-1961.” SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY NEWS BULLETIN 62 (1961): 36.

728 Paull, Rachel K., and Paull, Richard A. “Memorial to Katherine Greacen Nelson, 1913-1982.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 15 (1985).

729 Phelps, Miriam E. “Memorial to Eleanor Seely Salmon, 1910-1984.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 17 (1987).

730 Reeds, Charles A. “Memorial to Carlotta Joaquina Maury.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS FOR 1938 (1939): 157-168.

731 Rodgers, John. “Memorial to Eleanora Bliss Knopf, 1883-1974.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 6 (1977).

732 Romer, Alfred S. “Memorial [to Augusta Hasslock Kemp].” JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY 38, no. 5 (1964): 1008.

733 Romer, Alfred S. “Tilly Edinger, 1897-1967.” SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY NEWS BULLETIN no. 81 (1967): 51-53.

734 Sayre, A. Nelson. “Julia Anna Gardner (1882-1960).” BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS 45 (August 1961): 1418-1421.

735 Schwartzwalder, Karl. “Memorial of Helen Blair Bartlett, December 14, 1901 – August 25, 1969.” AMERICAN MINERALOGIST 56, no.3/4 (March/April 1971): 668-670.

736 Seward, A. C. “Ruth Holden (1890-1917).” NEW PHYTOLOGIST 16 (1917): 154-156.

737 Shang Rongguang, and Guo Meini. “The Path Less Traveled: A Woman Geologist.” BEIJING REVIEW 33 (July 23, 1990): 30-32.

738 Simpson, Joanne. “Meteorologist.” In SUCCESSFUL WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS, ed. by Ruth B. Kundsin, pp.41-46. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 208; 1973.) Repr. with title, WOMEN AND SUCCESS: THE ANATOMY OF ACHIEVEMENT. New York: Morrow, 1974.

739 Sinclair, G. Winston. “Memorial to Alice G. Wilson (1881-1964).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN 77 (July/December 1966): P215-P218.

740 Smith, Isabel Fothergill. THE STONE LADY: A MEMOIR OF FLORENCE BASCOM. Bryn Mawr, PA: Bryn Mawr College, 1981.

741 Spieker, Edmund M. “Memorial to Grace Anne Stewart, 1893-1970.” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMORIALS 2 (1973): 110-114.

742 Teas, L. P. “Alva Christine Ellisor (1892-1964).” AMERICAN ASSOCIAION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS BULLETIN 49, no. 4 (April 1965): 467-471.

743 Teitz, Joyce. “Oceanographer: Sylvia A. Earl.” In WHAT’S A NICE GIRL LIKE YOU DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS?, by Joyce Teitz, pp.100-123. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1972.

744 Tharp, Marie, and Frankel, Henry. “Mappers of the Deep.” NATURAL HISTORY 95, no.10 (1986): 49-62. Tharp was co-discoverer of the rift valley in the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

745 Watson, Edward H. “Geology, Florence Bascom, and Ida Ogilvie.” BRYN MAWR ALUMNAE BULLETIN 46 (1945): 11-14.

746 White, Alice. “Billie R. Untermann, 1906-1973.” SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY NEWS BULLETIN no.99 (1973): 65-66.

747 Wood, Elizabeth A. “Memorial to Ida Helen Ogilvie (1874-1963).” GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN 75 (1964): P35-P39.

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (748-849)

This section covers women in mathematics, mathematical statistics, and the development of computer science. Some of the entries concern research on sex differences in mathematical ability and achievement.

REFERENCE

748 Campbell, Paul J., and Grinstein, Louise S. “Women and Mathematics: A Preliminary Selected Bibliography.” PHILOSOPHIA MATHEMATICA 13/14 (1976/77): 171-203. A detailed list of seventy women mathematicians, providing birth and death dates, nationality, areas of interest, and related reference material. Includes extensive index of references in biographical dictionaries, encyclopedias, books, and periodical literature

749 Green, Judy, and LaDuke, Jeanne, and Perl, Teri H. “Women in Mathematics.” In THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY, ed. by Joseph W. Dauben, pp.428-434. New York: Garland, 1985.

750 Grinstein, Louise S., and Campbell, Paul J., eds. WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS: A BIOBIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCEBOOK. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1987. Biographies and bibliographies of forty-three leading women mathematicians.

GENERAL

751 Anderson, Margo. “The History of Women and the History of Statistics.” JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S HISTORY 4, no.1 (Spring 1992): 14-36.

752 Arianrhod, Robyn. “Physics and Mathematics, Reality and Language: Dilemmas for Feminists.” In THE KNOWLEDGE EXPLOSION: GENERATIONS OF FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP, ed. Cheris Kramarae & Dale Spender, pp.41-53. New York: Teachers College Press, 1992. Reviews the impact of feminism on physics and mathematics since the late 1960s.

753 ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER. 1971–. 6/year. Box 178, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02181. Contains many biographical articles on women mathematicians and other articles on issues which concern women and mathematics. Specifically historical articles appear starting in 1976.

754 Eells, Walter Crosby. “American Doctoral Dissertations on Mathematics and Astronomy Written by Women in the Nineteenth Century.” THE MATHEMATICS TEACHER 50, no.5 (May 1957): 374-376. Identifies eleven women Ph.D.’s.

755 Eriksson, Inger V., Kitchenham, Barbara A., and Tijdens, Kea G., eds. WOMEN, WORK, AND COMPUTERIZATION: UNDERSTANDING AND OVERCOMING BIAS IN WORK AND EDUCATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IFIP TC9/WG 9.1 CONFERENCE ON WOMEN, WORK, AND COMPUTERIZATION, HELSINKI, FINLAND, 30 JUNE-2 JULY 1991. New York: North- Holland/Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991.

756 Friedman, Batya. “Bringing Knowledge of Women Mathematicians into the Mathematics Classroom.” MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER EDUCATION 24, no.3 (Fall 1990): 250-253. Chiefly contemporary.

757 Gray, Mary. “Women in Mathematics.” AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY 79 (1972): 475-479.

758 Green, Judy. “American Women in Mathematics — the First Ph.D.’s.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 8 (April 1978): 13-15.

759 Green, Judy, and LaDuke, Jeanne. “Contributions to American Mathematics: An Overview and Selection.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.117-146. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

760 Green, Judy, and LaDuke, Jeanne. “Women in the American Mathematical Community: The Pre-1940 Ph.D’s.” MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 9, no.1 (1987): 11-23.

761 King, Amy C. “Woman Ph.D.’s in Mathematics in USA and Canada: 1886-1973.” PHILOSOPHIA MATHEMATICA 13/14 (1976/77): 79-129. An incomplete listing of Ph.D. earners, noting year of degree, degree-granting institution, and area of specialization.

762 Kroll, D. “Evidence from the Mathematics Teacher (1908-1920) on Women and Mathematics.” FOR THE LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS 5, no.2 (1985): 7-10.

763 Perl, Teri. “The LADIES’ DIARY or WOMAN’S ALMANACK, 1704-1841.” HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 6, no.1 (February 1979): 36-53.

764 Perry, Ruth, and Greber, Lisa. “Women and Computers: An Introduction.” SIGNS: JOURNAL OF WOMEN IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY 16, no.1 (Autumn 1990): 74-101. Includes discussion of women’s roles in the development of the computer.

765 PHILOSOPHIA MATHEMATICA 13/14 (1976/77); Special Issue: “Women and Mathematics: A Critical Inquiry.”

766 Rappaport, Karen D. “Sexual Roles and Mathematical Expectations.” MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF TWO YEAR COLLEGES JOURNAL 12, no.3 (Fall 1978): 195-198.

767 Rothman, Patricia. “Genius, Gender, and Culture: Women Mathematicians of the 19th Century.” INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEW 13 (1988): 64-72.

768 Stinnett, Sandra. “Women in Statistics: Sesquicentennial Activities (Part of a Special Issue on: American Statistical Association History).” THE AMERICAN STATISTICIAN 44, no.2 (May 1990): 74-80.

769 Turkle, Sherry. “Women and Computer Programming: A Different Approach.” TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 87, no.8 (November/December 1984): 48-50.

770 Wallis, Ruth, and Wallis, Peter. “Female Philomaths.” HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 7, no.1 (February 1980): 57-64.

771 Whitman, Betsey S. “Women in the American Mathematical Society before 1900.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 13, no.5 (September/October 1983): 7-9. Discusses twenty-two women who joined the AMS between its founding in 1888 and 1900.

772 “Women Mathematicians before 1950.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 9, no.4 (July/August 1979): 9-11.

773 WOMEN OF COMPUTER HISTORY: FORGOTTEN PIONEERS. Wilmington, DE: The Institute, 1989.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: See NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James, et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), for biographies of Christine Ladd- Franklin and Charlotte Angas Scott, and NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980) for sketches of Irmgard Flugge-Lotz, Hilda Geiringer, Margaret Hagood, Catherine Stern, and Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler. Nineteen mathematicians are covered in Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thomas Finley’s WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH: AN AMERICAN BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1724-1979, and seven in BLACK WOMEN IN AMERICA: AN HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, edited by Darlene Clark Hine (2 vols., Brooklyn: Carlson, 1993). See entries in the DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY, edited by Charles Coulston Gillespie (New York: Scribner, 1970 and subsequent eds.), for Maria Agnesi, Emilie du Chatelet, Sophie Germain, Hypatia, Sofia Kovalevskaia, and Emmy Noether. The ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER regularly features biographical profiles; some are cited below.

774 Abir-Am, Pnina G. “Synergy or Clash: Disciplinary and Marital Strategies in the Career of Mathematical Biologist Dorothy Wrinch.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.239-280. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

775 Anand, Kailash. “Cypra Cecilia Krieger and the Human Side of Mathematics.” Montreal: Vehicule Press; Buffalo, NY: U.S. distributor, University of Toronto Press, 1990. DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.248-251.

776 Anderson, R. L., et al. “Gertrude M. Cox — A Modern Pioneer in Statistics.” BIOMETRICS 35 (1979): 3-7.

777 Angluin, Dana. “Lady Lovelace and the Analytical Engine.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 6, no.1 (January 1976): 5-10; 6, no.2 (February 1976): 6-8.

778 Archibald, Raymon Clare. “Women as Mathematicians and Astronomers.” AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY 25, no.3 (March 1918): 136-139. Suggested topics for undergraduate mathematics club programs. Brief biographical information.

779 Baum, Joan. THE CALCULATING PASSION OF ADA BYRON. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1986.

780 Brewer, James W, and Smith, Martha K. EMMY NOETHER: A TRIBUTE TO HER LIFE AND WORK.” New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981.

781 Bromberg, Howard. “Grace Murray Hopper: A Remembrance.” IEEE SOFTWARE 9, no.3 (May 1992): 103. U.S. Navy Rear Admiral Hopper (d. January 1, 1992) was the co-inventor of the computer language COBOL. Obituaries also appeared in COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 32, no.4 (April 1992): 128; DIGITAL REVIEW 9, no.2 (January 20, 1992): 40; FEDERAL COMPUTER WEEK 6, no.1 (January 13, 1992): 26; IEEE SOFTWARE 9, no.2 (March 1992): 95, and elsewhere.

782 Bucciarelli, Louis L., and Dworsky, Nancy. SOPHIE GERMAIN: AN ESSAY IN THE HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1980. Studies in the History of Modern Science, 6. Sophie Germain (1776-1831) of France won a competition sponsored by the French Academy of Science in 1809 for her analysis of the modes of vibration of elastic surfaces.

783 Cameron, Alan. “Isidore of Miletus and Hypatia: On the Editing of Mathematical Texts.” GREEK, ROMAN AND BYZANTINE STUDIES 31 (1990): 103-127.

784 Cantwell, Catherine. “BU Math Professor’s Life Filled with Firsts.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 16, no.4 (July/August 1986): 8-9. Black American mathematician.

785 Chowdhury, M. R., and Koblitz, Ann Hibner. “Koblitz, Klein and Kovalevskaia (discussion).” THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 8, no.4 (1986): 68-72.

786 Cooke, Roger. “Sonya Kovalevskaya’s Place in Nineteenth Century Mathematics.” Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 1986. THE LEGACY OF SONYA KOVALEVSKAYA: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM, ed. Linda Keen, pp.17-51.

787 Coolidge, Julian L. “Six Female Mathematicians.” SCRIPTA MATHEMATICA 17, no.1/2 (March-June 1951): 20-31. Biographies of Hypatia, Maria Agnesi, Emilie du Chatelet, Mary Somerville, Sophie Germain, and Sofya Kovalevskaya.

788 Dahan-Dalmedico, Amy. “Sophie Germain.” SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 265 (December 1991): 116-120+.

789 Dana, Rosamond, and Hilton, Peter J. “Mina Rees.” In MATHEMATICAL PEOPLE, ed. by Donald J. Albers and G. L. Alexanderson, pp.256-267. Boston: Birkhauser, 1985. Interview with first woman president of the AAAS.

790 Dick, August. EMMY NOETHER, 1882-1935. Boston: Birkhauser, 1981.

791 DuBreil-Jacotin, Marie-Louise. “Women Mathematicians.” In GREAT CURRENTS IN MATHEMATICAL THOUGHT, ed. by F. LeLionnais, vol.1, pp.168-180. New York: Dover, 1971. Translation of 1962 French edition. Short biographies of Agnesi, Germain, Somerville, Kovalevskaya, and Noether.

792 Eggleston, H. G. “Winifred L. C. Sargent.” BULLETIN OF THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY 13, no.2 (March 1981): 173-176. Repr. in ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 13, no.1 (January/February 1983): 7-10.

793 Farquhar, Diane, and Mary-Rose, Lynn. WOMEN SUM IT UP: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF WOMEN MATHEMATICIANS. Christchurch, New Zealand: Hazard Press, 1989.

794 Gilbert, Lynn, and Moore, Gaylen. PARTICULAR PASSIONS: TALKS WITH WOMEN WHO HAVE SHAPED OUR TIMES. New York: Crown, 1981. Pp. 58-63, Grace Brewster Murray Hopper, mathematician and computer software designer known as “the mother of COBOL.”

795 Grattan-Guinness, Ivor. “A Mathematical Union: William Henry and Grace Chishom Young.” ANNALS OF SCIENCE 29, no.2 (August 1972): 105-186.

796 Gray, Mary. “Sophie Germain: A Bicentennial Appreciation.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 6, no.6 (September/October 1976): 10-14.

797 Grinstein, Louise S., and Campbell, Paul J. “Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler: Her Life and Work.” HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 9, no.1 (February 1982): 37-53.

798 Grinstein, Louise S. “Some `Forgotten’ Women of Mathematics: A Who Was Who.” PHILOSOPHIA MATHEMATICA 13/14 (1976/77): 73-78. Short professional profiles of a dozen mathematicians.

799 Hamel, Frank. AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MARQUISE: A STUDY OF EMILIE DU CHATELET AND HER TIMES. New York: J. Pott, 1911.

800 Huskey, Velma R., and Huskey, Harry D. “Lady Lovelace and Charles Babbage.” ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING 2, no.4 (1980): 299-329. Reproduces and comments on correspondence between Lovelace and Babbage.

801 Iacobacci, Rora F. “Women of Mathematics.” ARITHMETIC TEACHER 17, no.4 (April 1970): 316-324. Short biographies of Hypatia, Maria Agnesi, Sophie Germain, Sophia Kovalevskaya, and Emmy Noether. Also in MATHEMATICS TEACHER 63, no.4 (April 1970): 329-337.

802 Iltis, Carolyn Merchant. “Madame du Chatelet’s Metaphysics and Mechanics.” STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 8 (1977): 29-48.

803 Jones, Burton W., and Rosenbaum, Robert A. “Louise Johnson Rosenbaum.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 12, no.4 (July/August 1982): 16-19.

804 Keen, Linda, ed. THE LEGACY OF SONYA KOVALEVSKAYA: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY THE ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS AND THE MARY INGRAHAM BUNTING INSTITUTE, OCTOBER 25-28, 1985. Providence: American Mathematical Society, 1986.

805 Kennedy, Don H. LITTLE SPARROW: A PORTRAIT OF SOPHIA KOVALEVSKY. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1983.

806 Kenschaft, Patricia C. “Black Men and Women in Mathematical Research.” JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES 18, no.2 (December 1987): 170-190. Discusses notable Black American mathematicians including Gloria Conyers Hewitt.

807 Kenschaft, Patricia C. “Black Women in Mathematics in the United States.” AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY 88, no.8 (October 1981): 592-604. Twenty-one brief biographies. Repr. with photographs added in JOURNAL OF AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS 4, no.1 (April 1982): 63-83.

808 Kenschaft, Patricia C. “Charlotte Angas Scott, 1858-1931.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 7, no.6 (November/December 1977): 9-10; 8, no.1 (April 1978): 11-12.

809 Kenschaft, Patricia C. “Charlotte Angas Scott, 1858-1931.” THE COLLEGE MATHEMATICS JOURNAL 18 (March 1987): 98-110. Includes bibliography.

810 Kenschaft, Patricia C. “Women in Mathematics Around 1900.” SIGNS 7, no.4 (Summer 1982): 906-909.

811 Kimberling, Clark H. “Emmy Noether.” AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY 79, no.2 (February 1972): 136-149.

812 Koblitz, Ann Hibner. “Careers and Home Life in the 1880s: The Choices of Mathematician Sofia Kovalevskaia.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.172-190. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

813 Koblitz, Ann Hibner. “Changing Views of Sofia Kovalevskaia.” In THE LEGACY OF SONYA KOVALEVSKAYA: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM, ed. Linda Keen, pp.53-76. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 1986.

814 Koblitz, Ann Hibner. A CONVERGENCE OF LIVES: SOFIA KOVALEVSKAIA: SCIENTIST, WRITER, REVOLUTIONARY. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, 1993. Rev. ed.

815 Koblitz, Ann Hibner. “Elizaveta Fedorovna Litvinova (1845-1919) — Russian Mathematician and Pedagogue.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 14, no.1 (January/February 1984): 13-17.

816 Koblitz, Ann Hibner. “Sofia Kovalevskaia — A Biographical Sketch.” THE LEGACY OF SONYA KOVALEVSKAYA: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM, ed. Linda Keen, pp.3-16. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 1986.

817 Koblitz, Ann Hibner. “Sofia Kovalevskaia and the Mathematical Community.” MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 6, no.1 (1984): 20-29.

818 Kochina, P. Ia., Ishlinsky, A. Yu., and Sokolovskaya, Z. K., eds. LOVE AND MATHEMATICS: SOFYA KOVALEVSKAYA. Moscow: Mir, 1985.

819 Kovalevskaya, Sofya. A RUSSIAN CHILDHOOD. New York: Springer, 1978. Autobiographical novel, first published in 1889.

820 Kramer, Edna E. “Six More Female Mathematicians.” SCRIPTA MATHEMATICA 23, no.1/4 (1957): 83-95. Short biographies.

821 Ladd-Franklin, Christine. “Sophie Germain: An Unknown Mathematician.” CENTURY 48 (October 1894): 946-949. Repr. in ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 11, no.3 (May/June 1981): 7-11.

822 Love, Rosaleen. “`Alice in Eugenics-Land’: Feminism and Eugenics in the Scientific Careers of Alice Lee and Ethel Elderton.” ANNALS OF SCIENCE 36 (1979): 145-158.

823 Mary Thomas a Kempis, Sister. “The Walking Polyglot.” SCRIPTA MATHEMATICA 6, no.4 (December 1939): 211-217. On Maria Gaetana Agnesi.

824 Mitford, Nancy. VOLTAIRE IN LOVE London: Hamish Hamilton, 1957. Detailed biography of the Marquise du Chatelet, based on manuscripts and published materials.

825 Morris, Edie, and Harkleroad, Leon. “Rozsa Peter: Recursive Function Theory’s Founding Mother.” THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 12 (Winter 1990): 59+

826 Narek, Diane. “A Woman Scientist Speaks.” New York: New American Library, 1970. VOICES FROM WOMEN’S LIBERATION, ed. by Leslie R. Tanner, pp.325-329. A personal account of how one woman became a mathematician despite alienation and lack of support.

827 Osen, Lynn M. WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974. Biographies of Hypatia (370-415), Maria Agnesi (1718-1799), Emilie de Breteuil (1706-1749), Caroline Herschel (1750-1848), Mary Somerville (1780-1872), Sofya Kovalevskaya (1850-1891), and Emmy Noether (1882-1935). Repr. in 1988.

828 Patterson, Elizabeth C. “Mary Somerville.” BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE 4, no.16 (1969): 311-339.

829 Patterson, Elizabeth C. MARY SOMERVILLE, 1780-1872. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

830 Patterson, Elizabeth C. MARY SOMERVILLE AND THE CULTIVATION OF SCIENCE, 1815-1840. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1983. International Archives for the History of Ideas, 102

831 Polubarinova-Kochina, P. Ia. LOVE AND MATHEMATICS: SOFYA KOVALEVSKAYA. Moscow: Mir, 1985.

832 Rappaport, Karen D. “Rediscovering Women Mathematicians.” MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF TWO YEAR COLLEGES JOURNAL 13, no. 1,2,3 (Winter- Fall 1979). Part I: Winter 1979; Part II: Spring 1979: 94-97; Part III: Fall 1979: 174-178.

833 Rappaport, Karen D. “S. Kovalevsky: A Mathematical Lesson.” AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY 88, no.8 (October 1981): 564-574.

834 Reid, Constance. “The Autobiography of Julia Robinson.” COLLEGE MATHEMATICS JOURNAL 17, no.1 (January 1986): 2-21. Robinson was the first female mathematician elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and the first woman president of the American Mathematical Society.

835 Rist, John. “Hypatia.” PHOENIX 19, no.3 (1965): 214-225.

836 Sampson, J. H. “Sophie Germain and the Theory of Numbers.” ARCHIVE FOR HISTORY OF EXACT SCIENCES 41 (1990): 157-161.

837 Smorynski, C. “Julia Robinson, In Memoriam.” THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 8, no.2 (1986): 77-79.

838 Somerville, Martha. PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS FROM EARLY LIFE TO OLD AGE, OF MARY SOMERVILLE. WITH SELECTIONS FROM HER CORRESPONDENCE. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1876. Includes portraits.

839 Srinivasan, Bhama, and Sally, Judith D., eds. EMMY NOETHER IN BRYN MAWR: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY THE ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS IN HONOR OF EMMY NOETHER’S 100TH BIRTHDAY. New York: Springer- Verlag, 1983.

840 Srinivasan, Bhama. “Ruth Moufang, 1905-1977.” THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 6, no.2 (1984): 51-55.

841 Stein, Dorothy. ADA: A LIFE AND A LEGACY. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985. Biography of Ada Lovelace.

842 Stillman, Beatrice. “Sofya Kovalevskaya: Growing Up in the Sixties.” RUSSIAN LITERATURE TRIQUARTERLY 9 (Spring 1974): 276-302.

843 Tee, Garry J. “The Pioneering Women Mathematicians.” MATHEMATICAL CHRONICLE 10, no.1/2 (January 1981): 31-56. Summarizes the lives of Hypatia, Emilie du Chatelet, Maria Agnesi, Sophie Germain, Mary Somerville, and Ada Lovelace. Repr. in MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 5, no.4 (1983): 27-36.

844 Toole, Betty. ADA, THE ENCHANTRESS OF NUMBERS: A SELECTION FROM THE LETTERS OF LORD BYRON’S DAUGHTER AND HER DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST COMPUTER. Sausalito, CA: Strawberry Press, 1992. P.O. Box 452, Sausalito, CA 94966. Letters of the first programmer, Ada Lovelace.

845 Troemel-Ploetz, Senta. “Mileva Einstein-Maric — The Woman Who Did Einstein’s Mathematics.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 13, no.5 (1990): 415-432.

846 Truesdell, C. “Maria Gaetana Agnesi.” ARCHIVE FOR HISTORY OF EXACT SCIENCES 40 (1989): 113-142.

847 Weyl, Hermann. “Emmy Noether.” SCRIPTA MATHEMATICA 3, no.3 (July 1935): 201-220.

848 Whitman, Betsey S. “An American Woman in Gottingen.” THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER 15 (Winter 1993): 60-62. On 1893 mathematics student Mary Frances Winston.

849 Wiegand, Sylvia. “Grace Chisholm Young.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 7, no.3 (May/June 1977): 5-10.

Natural, Biological and Life Sciences (850-1006)

This section covers the traditional natural sciences, particularly botany, and such newer fields as microbiology, environmental science, and genetics. Primatology, veterinary science, and experimental psychology are some of the special fields covered here, along with the role of women in the conservation movement or as observers of nature.

GENERAL

850 Ainley, Marianne G. “The Involvement of Women in the American Ornithologists’ Union.” In A CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, 1883-1983, ed. K.B. Sterling and M.G. Ainley. Washington: 1987.

851 Ainley, Marianne G. “Last in the Field? Canadian Women Natural Scientists, 1815-1965.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.25-62. Montreal: Vehicule Press, 1990.

852 Allen, David E. “The Women Members of the Botanical Society of London, 1836-56.” BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE 13 (1980): 240-254.

853 Baker, Gladys. “Women in the United States Department of Agriculture.” AGRICULTURAL HISTORY 50 (1976): 190-201.

854 Bennett, Jennifer. LILIES OF THE HEARTH: THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN & PLANTS. Camden East, Ont.: Camden House, 1991.

855 Brouwer, Christien. “Nature in Terms of Femininity: The Case of Nineteenth Century Plant Geography.” COMMUNICATION & COGNITION 21 (1988): 129-132.

856 Burrage, Hilary F. “Women University Teachers of Natural Science, 1971-72: An Empirical Study.” SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 13, no.1 (February 1983): 147-160.”

857 Burstyn, Joan N. “Early Women in Education: The Role of the Anderson School of Natural History.” JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 159, no.3 (August 1977): 50-64.

858 Churchill, Frederick. “Sex and the Single Organism.” STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 3 (1979): 139-177.

859 Davies, Katherine. “Historical Associations: Women and the Natural World.” WOMEN AND ENVIRONMENTS 9, no.2 (Spring 1987): 4-6.

860 FOREST & CONSERVATION HISTORY 34, no.1 (January 1990); Special Issue: “Special Issue on Women’s Roles in Conservation History.”

861 Furumoto, Laurel, and Scarborough, Elizabeth. “Placing Women in the History of Psychology: The First American Women Psychologists.” In RE-PLACING WOMEN IN PSYCHOLOGY: READINGS TOWARD A MORE INCLUSIVE HISTORY, ed. Janis S. Bohan, pp.87-99. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing, 1992.

862 Griffin, Susan. WOMAN AND NATURE: THE ROARING INSIDE HER. New York: Harper & Row, 1978. Exploration of Western patriarchal attitudes toward the natural world and toward women, who are perceived as closer to nature than are men.

863 Haraway, Donna. PRIMATE VISIONS: GENDER, RACE, AND NATURE IN THE WORLD OF MODERN SCIENCE. New York: Routledge, 1989.

864 Haraway, Donna. “Signs of Dominance.” STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 5 (1981): 129-219.

865 Herrick, John B. “Veterinarians All.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 201 (August 15, 1992): 554.

866 Holmes, F. W., and Heybroek, H. M. DUTCH ELM DISEASE; THE EARLY PAPERS: SELECTED WORKS OF SEVEN DUTCH WOMEN PHYTOPATHOLOGISTS. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 1990.

867 James, C. “Women in the Forest Service: The Early Years.” FOREST SERVICE HISTORY LINE (Spring 1990): 7-11. Repr. in JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 89, no.3 (1991): 14-17.

868 Kahle, Jane Butler. “Women Biologists: A View and a Vision.” BIOSCIENCE 35, no.4 (April 1985): 230-234.

869 Kashket, Eva R., et al. “Status of Women Microbiologists.” SCIENCE 183, no.4124 (8 February 1974): 488-494.

870 Kass-Simon, G. “Biology Is Destiny.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.215-267. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

871 Lowe, Marian. “The Impact of Feminism on the Natural Sciences.” In THE KNOWLEDGE EXPLOSION: GENERATIONS OF FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP, ed. Cheris Kramarae & Dale Spender, pp.161-171. New York: Teachers College Press, 1992. Reviews the impact of feminism on science in general and on the natural sciences in particular since the late 1960s.

872 Merchant, Carolyn. “Earthcare: Women and the Environmental Movement.” ENVIRONMENT 23 (1981): 8-40

873 Merchant, Carolyn. ECOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONS: NATURE, GENDER, AND SCIENCE IN NEW ENGLAND. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1989.

874 Merchant, Carolyn. “Gender and Environmental History.” THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY 76 (March 1990): 1117-1121.

875 Merchant, Carolyn. “Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement: 1900-1916.” ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 8, no.1 (Spring 1984): 57-86. Part of a special interdisciplinary issue on “Women and Environmental History.”

876 Morawski, Jill G., and Agronick, Gail. “A Restive Legacy: The History of Feminist Work in Experimental and Cognitive Psychology.” PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 15 (December 1991): 567-579.

877 Norwood, Vera L. MADE FROM THIS EARTH: AMERICAN WOMEN AND NATURE. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. Contributions of American women botanists, biologists, conservationists, ornithologists and others to the study of nature from the 19th century to the present.

878 O’Hern, Elizabeth M. “Women in Biological Sciences.” In EXPANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES, ed. by Anne M. Briscoe & Sheila Pfafflin, pp.110-124. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 323; 1979.) Statistics from the 1960s and 70s.

879 Peterson, Abby, and Merchant, Carolyn. “`Peace With the Earth’: Women and the Environmental Movement in Sweden.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 9, no.5/6 (1986): 465-479.

880 Primack, Richard B., and O’Leary, Virginia. “Cumulative Disadvantages in the Careers of Women Ecologists.” BIOSCIENCE 43 (March 1993): 158-165.

881 Ranney, S.A.G. “Women and the History of American Conservation.” WOMEN IN NATURAL RESOURCES 11, no.3: 44-50.

882 Rose, Hilary. “Hand, Brain, and Heart: A Feminist Epistemology for the Natural Sciences.” SIGNS 9, no.1 (Autumn 1983): 73-90. Assesses the achievements of the radical critique of science and argues for a feminist theoretical analysis grounded in the sexual division of manual, mental, and reproductive labor. Repr. in SEX AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, ed. by Sandra Harding and Jean F. O’Barr, pp.265-282.

883 Rose, Hilary, and Rose, Steven, eds. IDEOLOGY OF/IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1980.

884 Rudolph, Emanuel D. “How It Developed That Botany Was the Science Thought Most Suitable for Victorian Young Ladies.” CHILDREN’S LITERATURE 2 (1973): 92-97.

885 Rudolph, Emanuel D. “Women in Nineteenth Century American Botany: A Generally Unrecognized Constituency.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 69, no.8 (September 1982): 1346-1355. Surveys women’s contributions to botany, citing many names and statistics.

886 Rudolph, Emanuel D. “Women Who Studied Plants in the Pre-Twentieth Century United States and Canada.” TAXON 39, no.2 (May 1990): 151-205.

887 Shteir, Ann B. “Botany in the Breakfast Room: Women and Early Nineteenth-Century British Plant Study.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.31-43. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

888 Shteir, Ann B. “Linnaeus’s Daughters: Women and British Botany.” In WOMEN AND THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY: SELECTED RESEARCH FROM THE FIFTH BERKSHIRE CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, ed. by Barbara J. Harris & JoAnn K. McNamara, pp.67-73. Durham: Duke University Press, 1984. Surveys the 18th and 19th centuries.

889 Shteir, Ann B. “Women and Plants: A Fruitful Topic.” ATLANTIS 6, no.2 (Spring 1981): 114-122.

890 Spanier, Bonnie. “Gender and Ideology in Science: A Study of Molecular Biology.” NWSA JOURNAL 3, no.2 (1991): 167-198.

891 Stevens, Gwendolyn, and Gardner, Sheldon. THE WOMEN OF PSYCHOLOGY. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1982. 2 vol.

892 Vetter, Betty M. “Women in the Natural Sciences.” SIGNS 1, no.3, pt.1 (Spring 1976): 713-720. Assesses status of women scientists in the mid-1970s.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: In the index to NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James, et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), see “Biologists,” “Botanists and Horticulturalists,” and “Naturalists.” In NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), see “Biology,” “Botany,” “Conservation,” “Medicine-Researchers” (for microbiologists and biochemists), and “Nutrition” (especially biochemists). WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH: AN AMERICAN BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1724-1979, by Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thomas Finley (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1985) employs numerous categories for this general area. Brief obituaries of women botanists (e.g., Clara Cummings, Annie Morrill Smith, E.M. Dunham, Caroline Haynes, Annie Lorenz, Elizabeth G. Britton) may be found in the BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, THE BRYOLOGIST, JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, SCIENCE, and RHODORA.

893 Abir-Am, Pnina G. “Synergy or Clash: Disciplinary and Marital Strategies in the Career of Mathematical Biologist Dorothy Wrinch.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.239-280. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

894 Ainley, Marianne G. “Field Work and Family: North American Women Ornithologists, 1900-1950.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.60-76. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

895 “Aleen Cust: First Woman Veterinary Surgeon.” VETERINARY RECORD 115 (December 22-29, 1984): 639.

896 Allen, David E. “The First Woman Pteridologist.” BRITISH PTERIDOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 1, no.6 (1978): 247-249.

897 Allen, David E., and Lousley, Dorothy W. “Some Letters to Margaret Stovin (1756?-1846), Botanist of Chesterfield.” NATURALIST 104 (1979): 155-163.

898 Allen, Nessy. “Australian Women in Science: Two Unorthodox Careers.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 15, nos. 5/6 (1992): 551-562. Examines the careers of animal geneticist Helen Newton Turner and marine biologist Isobel Bennett.

899 Arber, Agnes. “Ethel Sargant.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST 18 (March/April 1919): 120-128.

900 Arber, Muriel A. “A List of Published Works of Agnes Arber, E.A.N. Arber and Ethel Sargant.” JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NATURAL HISTORY 4, no.7 (1968): 370-384. See also supplementary listing by Rudolf Schmid and Muriel A. Arber, with “Biographical Notes” by William T. Stern. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NATURAL HISTORY 8, no.2 (1977): 180-183.

901 Baldwin, Richard S. THE FUNGUS FIGHTERS: TWO WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND THEIR DISCOVERY. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981. Microbiology, mycology. Biographies of Rachel Brown and Elizabeth Lee Hazen.

902 Barnhart, John Hendley. “The Published Work of Elizabeth Gertrude Britton.” BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 62, no.1 (January 1935): 1-17. An exhaustive bibliography of the writings of Britton (1858-1934), a leading specialist in mosses, ferns, and flowering plants.

903 Bartow, Virginia. “Philosophical Studies by the Duchess of Newcastle.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 34 (1957): 82.

904 Benson, Maxine. MARTHA MAXWELL, ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATURALIST. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986. Biography of Maxwell (1831-1881), a woman pioneer in natural history, taxidermy, and museology.

905 Bischoff, Charles. THE HARD ROAD: THE LIFE STORY OF AMALIE DIETRICH, NATURALIST, 1821-1891. London: Hopkinson, 1931.

906 Blaydes, Sophia B. “Nature Is a Woman: The Duchess of Newcastle and 17th-Century Philosophy.” In MAN, GOD, AND NATURE IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT, ed. Donald C. Mell et al., pp.51-64. East Lansing, MI: Colleagues Press, 1988. On natural philosopher Margaret Cavendish.

907 Bolzau, Emma Lydia. ALMIRA HART LINCOLN PHELPS: HER LIFE AND WORK. Lancaster, PA: Science Press, 1936. Phelps (1793-1884) was a science textbook author and writer on botany, chemistry, and natural history.

908 Bonta, Marcia Myers. WOMEN IN THE FIELD: AMERICA’S PIONEERING WOMEN NATURALISTS. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University, 1991.

909 Bowman, Lindsey E. “Rachel Carson: The Genesis of SILENT SPRING.” MICHIGAN ACADEMICIAN: PAPERS OF THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ARTS, AND LETTERS 19 (1987): 373-380.

910 Brightwen, Eliza Elder. ELIZA BRIGHTWEN, THE LIFE AND THOUGHTS OF A NATURALIST. London: Leipsic, T.F. Unwin, 1909. Also available in microfilm as number 5698 of the History of Women collection (Woodbridge, CT: Research Publications, 1977.)

911 Brooks, Paul. THE HOUSE OF LIFE: RACHEL CARSON AT WORK. Boston: 1972; Boston: G.K. Hall, 1989. Biography of a leading U.S. ecologist.

912 Bryant, Jennifer. MARJORY STONEMAN DOUGLAS: VOICE OF THE EVERGLADES. Frederick, MD: Twenty-First Century Books, 1992.

913 Carr, Florence H. HELEN BLACKBURN HOOVER: SCIENTIST, NATURALIST, WRITER. Roseville, MN: F.H. Carr, 1990.

914 Clark, Eugenie. LADY AND THE SHARKS. Sarasota, NY: Mote Marine Lab, 1991. Autobiography of an ichthyologist, reprinted from a 1969 edition.

915 Clarke, Robert. ELLEN SWALLOW: THE WOMAN WHO FOUNDED ECOLOGY. Chicago: Follett, 1973.

916 Clarke, Robert. “The Woman Who Founded Ecology: Ellen Swallow Richards.” AWIS MAGAZINE 21, no.3 (May/June 1992): 14-15.

917 Cleevely, R.J., Tripp, R.P., and Howell, Y. “Mrs. Elizabeth Grey (1831-1924): A Passion for Fossils.” BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY): HISTORICAL SERIES 17, no.2 (1989): 167-258.

918 Cori, Carl F. “The Call of Science.” ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 38 (1969): 1-20. Carl F. Cori’s autobiography, containing much information on Gerty T. Cori.

919 Desmond, Ray. DICTIONARY OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS AND HORTICULTURISTS: INCLUDING PLANT COLLECTORS AND BOTANICAL ARTISTS. London: Taylor & Francis, 1977. Many women noted, with brief biographical sketches and areas of interest.

920 Douglas, Marjory Stoneman with John Rothchild. MARJORY STONEMAN DOUGLAS: VOICE OF THE RIVER. Englewood, FL: Pineapple Press, 1987.

921 Drum, Sue, and Whitely, H. Ellen. WOMEN IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: PROFILES OF SUCCESS. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1991.

922 Eifert, Virginia S. “Jane Colden, First Woman Botanist.” In TALL TREES AND FAR HORIZONS: ADVENTURES AND DISCOVERIES OF EARLY BOTANISTS IN AMERICA, pp.49-62. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1965.

923 Estey, Ralph. “Margaret Newton: Distinguished Canadian Scientist.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.236-247. Montreal: Vehicule Press; Buffalo, NY: U.S. Distributor, University of Toronto Press, 1990.

924 Evert, Ray F. “Katherine Esau.” PLANT SCIENCE BULLETIN 31, no.5 (1985): 33-37.

925 Fedoroff, Nina, and Botstein, David, eds. THE DYNAMIC GENOME: BARBARA McCLINTOCK’S IDEAS IN THE CENTURY OF GENETICS. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1992.

926 Fink, Augusta. I-MARY: A BIOGRAPHY OF MARY AUSTIN. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1983.

927 Ford, Charlotte A. “Eliza Frances Andrews, Practical Botanist, 1840-1931.” GEORGIA HISTORY QUARTERLY 70 (Spring 1986): 63-80.

928 Fromer, Julie. JANE GOODALL: LIVING WITH THE CHIMPS. Frederick, MD: Twenty-First Century Books, 1992.

929 Fryer, G. “Sidnie Milana Manton, 4 May 1902 – 2 January 1979.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 26 (1980): 327-356. Zoologist.

930 Furumoto, Laurel. “Joining Separate Spheres: Christine Ladd-Franklin, Woman Scientist (1847-1930).” AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 47, no.2 (February 1992): 175-182. An experimental psychologist who devised a theory of color vision.

931 Fussell, G. E. “Some Lady Botanists of the Nineteenth Century, 4: Elizabeth and Sarah Mary Fitton.” GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE 130 (1951): 179-181.

932 Gage, Loretta, and Gage, Nancy. IF WISHES WERE HORSES: THE EDUCATION OF A VETERINARIAN. New York: St. Martin’s, 1992.

933 Garfield, Eugene. “A Tribute to Miriam Rothschild: Entomologist Extraordinaire.” CURRENT CONTENTS (April 1984): 3-15.

934 Gartner, Carol B. RACHEL CARSON. New York: Ungar, 1983.

935 Gillett, Margaret. “Carrie Derick (1862-1941) and the Chair of Botany at McGill.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.74-87. Montreal: Vehicule Press, 1990.

936 Gilpatrick, Naomi. “The Secret Life of Beatrix Potter.” NATURAL HISTORY 81, no.8 (October 1972): 38-41, 88-97. Potter, famous as the author and illustrator of PETER RABBIT and other children’s books, was a botanist thwarted by discrimination against women.

937 Gladstone, Valerie. “Marjory Stoneman Douglas.” MS. 17 (January/February 1989): 68-71. Everglades preservationist.

938 Goodall, Jane. THROUGH THE WINDOW: MY THIRTY YEARS WITH THE CHIMPANZEES OF GOMBE. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1990.

939 Haddock, Sally. THE MAKING OF A WOMAN VET. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985.

940 Hall, Ruth. PASSIONATE CRUSADER: THE LIFE OF MARIE STOPES. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.

941 Harvey, Joy. “`Strangers to Each Other’: Male and Female Relationships in the Life and Work of Cl mence Royer.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.147-171. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

942 Hayter-Hames, Jane. MADAME DRAGONFLY: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF CYNTHIA LONGFIELD. Edinburgh: Pentland Press, 1991.

943 Hollingsworth, Buckner. HER GARDEN WAS HER DELIGHT. New York: Macmillan, 1962. Includes treatments of Jane Colden, pp.23-24, and Alice Eastwood, pp.126-138.

944 Houssay, B. A. “Carl F. and Gerty T. Cori.” BIOCHIMICA AND BIOPHYSICA ACTA 20 (1956): 11-16.

945 Howe, Marshall A. “Elizabeth Gertrude Britton.” JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDENS 35 (May 1934): 97-104.

946 Hynes, H. Patricia. “Catalysts of the American Environmental Movement: Profiles of Ellen Swallow, Lois Gibbs, and Rachel Carson.” WOMAN OF POWER no.9 (Spring 1988): 37-41, 78-80. Revised version of article appearing WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 8, no.4 (1985): 291-298.

947 Hynes, H. Patricia. THE RECURRING SILENT SPRING. New York: Pergamon Press, 1989.

948 Kaufman, Polly Welts. “Challenging Tradition: Pioneer Women Naturalists in the National Park Service.” FOREST & CONSERVATION HISTORY 34, no.1 (January 1990): 4-16.

949 Keenan, Katherine. “Lilian Vaughan Morgan (1870-1952): Her Life and Work.” AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST 23 (1983): 867-876.

950 Keller, Evelyn Fox. A FEELING FOR THE ORGANISM: THE LIFE & TIMES OF BARBARA MCCLINTOCK. San Francisco: Freeman, 1983. Study of Barbara McClintock, plant geneticist.

951 Keller, Evelyn Fox. “One Woman and Her Theory.” NEW SCIENTIST 111 (July 3, 1986): 46-50. On biologist Lynn Margulis.

952 Kerling, L.C.P. et al. “Johanna Westerdijk: Pioneer Leader in Plant Pathology.” ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 24 (1986): 33-41.

953 Kevles, Bettyann. WATCHING THE WILD APES: THE PRIMATE STUDIES OF GOODALL, FOSSEY, AND GALDIKAS. New York: Dutton, 1976.

954 Kitching, Jessie. “Two Women Botanists of Yosemite National Park.” NATURE STUDY 42, no.1/2 (October 1988): 6-8. On Mary Tresidder and Della Taylor Moss.

955 Kleineberger-Nobel, Emmy. MEMOIRS London: Academic Press, 1980. Bacteriologist.

956 Kofalk, Harriet. NO WOMAN TENDERFOOT: FLORENCE MERRIAM BAILEY, PIONEER NATURALIST. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1989. Bailey (b.1863) observed birds.

957 Lang, Anton. “Elisabeth Schiemann: Life and Career of a Woman Scientist in Berlin.” In BOTANY IN BERLIN, ed. Hildemar Scholz, pp.17-28. Berlin: Botanische Garten und Botanischen Museum Berlin-Dahlem, 1987.

958 Loftus, Maryann F., Roane, Curtis W., and Roane, Martha K. “Muriel J. O’Brien, 1915-1985 (obituary).” PHYTOPATHOLOGY 82 (April 1992): 379.

959 Lurie, Alison. “Beatrix Potter: More Than Just Peter Rabbit.” MS. (September 1977): 42-45.

960 “Margaret Cavendish: Natural Philosopher.” In A HISTORY OF WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS: 1600-1900, ed. by Mary Ellen Waithe, vol.3, pp.1-20. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1991. Also repr. in WOMEN AND PHILOSOPHY, special issue of DOCUMENTATION SUR LA RECHERCHE FEMINISTE 16 (1987): 60-61.

961 McBeath, Lida W. “Eloise Gerry: A Woman of Forest Science.” JOURNAL OF FOREST HISTORY 22, no.3 (1978): 128-135.

962 McCay, Mary A. RACHEL CARSON. New York: Twayne, 1993.

963 Montgomery, Sy. WALKING WITH THE GREAT APES: JANE GOODALL, DIAN FOSSEY, BIRUTE GALDIKAS. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin/Davison, 1991.

964 Morell, Virginia. “Called `Trimates,’ Three Bold Women Shaped Their Field.” SCIENCE 260 (April 16, 1993): 420-425. On Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Birute Galdikas. This article is part of a thematic section “Women in Science ’93: Gender and the Culture of Science.”

965 Needham, James G. “The Lengthened Shadow of a Man and His Wife.” SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY 62 (February 1946): 140-150; (March 1946): 219-232. Two-part article covers John Henry Comstock and Anna Comstock’s roles in developing the Department of Entomology at Cornell.

966 Norwood, Vera L. “The Nature of Knowing: Rachel Carson and the American Environment.” SIGNS 12, no.4 (Summer 1987): 740-760.

967 Ochoa, Severo, and Kalckar, Herman M. “Gerty T. Cori, Biochemist.” SCIENCE 128, no.3314 (4 July 1958): 16-17.

968 Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey. “The `New Look’ Women and the Expansion of American Zoology: Nettie Maria Stevens (1861-1912) and Alice Middleton Boring (1883-1955).” In THE EXPANSION OF AMERICAN BIOLOGY, ed. Keith R. Benson et al., pp.52-79. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991.

969 Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey, and Choquette, Clifford J. “Nettie Maria Stevens (1861-1912): Her Life and Contributions to Cytogenetics.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 125 (1981): 292-311.

970 Paton, Lucy Allen. ELIZABETH CARY AGASSIZ: A BIOGRAPHY. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1919.

971 Pendergrass, Lee F. “Dispelling Myths: Women’s Contributions to the Forest Service in California.” FOREST & CONSERVATION HISTORY 34, no.1 (January 1990): 17-25.

972 Pincetl, Stephanie S. “The Peculiar Legacy of Progressivism: Claire Dedrick’s Encounter with Forest Practices Regulation in California.” FOREST & CONSERVATION HISTORY 34, no.1 (January 1990): 26-34.

973 Randall, John. “Emmeline Jean Hanson, 14 November 1919 – 10 August 1973.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 21 (1975): 313-344. Zoologist who specialized in muscle research.

974 Remington, Jeanne E. “Katharine Jeannette Bush: Peabody’s Mysterious Zoologist.” DISCOVERY 12 (1977): 3-8.

975 Rose, June. MARIE STOPES AND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION. Boston, MA: Faber and Faber, 1992.

976 Rudolph, Emanuel D. “Almira Lincoln Phelps (1793-1884) and the Spread of Botany in 19th Century America.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 71 (1984): 1161-1167.

977 Russell, Frederick. “Sheina Macalister Marshall, 20 April 1896 – 7 April 1977.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 24 (1978): 369-389. Marine biologist.

978 Sarasohn, Lisa. “A Science Turned Upside Down: Feminism and the Natural Philosophy of Margaret Cavendish.” HUNTINGTON LIBRARY QUARTERLY 47, no.4 (1984): 289-307.

979 Sayre, Anne. ROSALIND FRANKLIN AND DNA. New York: Norton, 1975.

980 Scarborough, Elizabeth. “Mrs. Ricord and Psychology for Women, Circa 1840.” AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 47 (February 1992): 274-280. On Elizabeth Stryker Ricord, instructor at the Geneva Female Seminary, who wrote the first comprenhesive textbook of what was to become the field of psychology.

981 Scarborough, Elizabeth, and Furumoto, Laurel. UNTOLD LIVES: THE FIRST GENERATION OF AMERICAN WOMEN PSYCHOLOGISTS. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.

982 Schiebinger, Londa. “Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle: Natural Philosopher (1617-1673).” RFR 16, no.3 (September 1987): 60-61.

983 Schmid, Rudolf. “Annotated Bibliography of Works By and About Emily Lovira Gregory (1841-1897).” BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 114 (1987): 319-324.

984 Schmid, Rudolf. “Edith R. Saunders and Floral Anatomy: Bibliography and Index to Families She Studied.” BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 74 (1977): 179-187.

985 Scott, Robert C. “Adventures of the Bumming Botanists: From the Diary of Nelle Stevenson, 1907.” ESSAYS AND MONOGRAPHS IN COLORADO HISTORY 5 (1987): 67-77.

986 Setchell, William Albert. “Townshend Stith Brandegee and Mary Katherine (Layne) (Curran) Brandegee.” UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN BOTANY 13 (1924/27): 154-178. Memorial to a husband-and-wife botanist team, with bibliographies of their works.

987 Shmurak, Carole B., and Handler, Bonnie S. “Castle of Science: Mount Holyoke College and the Preparation of Women in Chemistry, 1837-1941.” HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY 32, no.3 (Fall 1992): 315-342.

988 Shmurak, Carole B., and Handler, Bonnie S. “Lydia Shattuck: `A Streak of the Modern.'” TEACHING EDUCATION 3, no.2 (Winter-Spring 1991): 127-131. Shattuck taught chemistry and botany at Mount Holyoke in the mid-nineteenth century.

989 Shteir, Ann B. “Botanical Dialogues: Maria Jacson and Women’s Popular Science Writing in England.” EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES 23 (Spring 1990): 301-317.

990 Shteir, Ann B. “Priscilla Wakefield’s Natural History Books.” In FROM LINNEAUS TO DARWIN: COMMENTARIES ON THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, ed. by Alwyne Wheeler et al., pp.29-36. London: Society for the Study of Natural History, 1985.

991 Slack, Nancy G. “Nineteenth-Century American Women Botanists: Wives, Widows, and Work.” In UNEASY CAREERS AND INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram, pp.77-103. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

992 Smith, Beatrice Scheer. “Hannah English Williams: America’s First Woman Natural History Collector.” SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE 87 (April 1986): 83-92.

993 Smith, Beatrice Scheer. “Jane Colden (1724-1766) and Her Botanic Manuscript.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 75 (July 1988): 1090-1096.

994 Smith, Beatrice Scheer. “Maria L. Owen, Nineteenth-Century Nantucket Botanist.” RHODORA, JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB 89, no.858 (1987).

995 Stearn, William T. “Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717) as a Botanical Artist.” TAXON 31 (1982): 529-534.

996 Sterling, Philip. SEA AND EARTH: THE LIFE OF RACHEL CARSON. New York: Crowell, 1970.

997 Stuckey, Ronald L. “E. Lucy Braun (1889-1971), Outstanding Botanist and Conservationist: A Biographical Sketch, with Bibliography.” THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 12 (March 1973): 83-106.

998 Stuckey, Ronald L. WOMEN BOTANISTS OF OHIO: BORN BEFORE 1900: WITH REFERENCE CALENDARS FROM 1776 TO 2028. Columbus, OH: RLS Creations, 1992.

999 Thomas, H. Hamshaw. “Agnes Arber, 1879-1960.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 6 (November 1960): 1-11. Includes bibliography.

1000 von Baeyer, Edwinna. “Isabella Preston, 1881-1964: An Explorer of the Horticultural Frontier.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.220-235. Montreal: Vehicule Press; Buffalo, NY: U.S. distributor, University of Toronto Press, 1990.

1001 Wallace, Robert, ed. ELEANOR ORMEROD, LL.D., ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGIST: AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND CORRESPONDENCE. New York: Dutton, 1904.

1002 Warner, Deborah J. GRACEANNA LEWIS: SCIENTIFIC AND HUMANITARIAN. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979. Lewis (1821-1912) specialized in ornithology and natural history.

1003 Weisstein, Naomi. “`How Can a Little Girl Like You Teach a Great Big Class of Men?’ The Chairman Said, and Other Adventures of a Woman in Science.” In WORKING IT OUT: 23 WOMEN WRITERS, ARTISTS, SCIENTISTS AND SCHOLARS TALK ABOUT THEIR LIVES AND WORK, ed. Sara Ruddick & Pamela Daniels, pp.241-250. New York: Pantheon, 1977. From an experimental psychologist.

1004 Wilson, Carol Green. ALICE EASTWOOD’S WONDERLAND: THE ADVENTURES OF A BOTANIST. San Francisco: California Academy of Science, 1955.

1005 Wood, Sharon E. “Althea Sherman and the Birds of Prairie and Dooryard: A Scientist’s Witness to Change.” PALIMPSEST 70 (Winter 1989): 164-185.

1006 Wystrach, V. P. “Anna Blackburne (1726-1793) – A Neglected Patron of Natural History.” JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NATURAL HISTORY 8, no.2 (1977): 148-168. Includes many quotations from primary sources.

Physics (1007-1070)

Nuclear physics, spectroscopy, and crystallography are some of the specialized fields in which women physicists have been active. Because the disciplines of physics, astronomy, and mathematics are closely allied, please consult the ASTRONOMY and MATHEMATICS sections for additional references. For works on Marie Curie, see CHEMISTRY.

REFERENCE

1007 Grinstein, Louise S., Rose, Rose K., and Rafailovich, Miriam H., eds. WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS: A BIOBIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCEBOOK. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993. Biographies of seventy-five chemists and physicists accompanied by bibliographies of works by and about each.

GENERAL

1008 American Physical Society. Committee on Women in Physics. “Women in Physics.” American Physical Society BULLETIN 17 (1972): 740-753.

1009 Ancker-Johnson, Betsy. “Physicist.” In SUCCESSFUL WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS, ed. by Ruth B. Kundsin, pp.23-28. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 208; 1979.) Repr. with title WOMEN AND SUCCESS: THE ANATOMY OF ACHIEVEMENT. New York: Morrow, 1974.

1010 Ancker-Johnson, Betsy. “Women’s Lib and Physics.” PHYSICS TEACHER 10, no.9 (December 1972): 499-508.

1011 Arianrhod, Robyn. “Physics and Mathematics, Reality and Language: Dilemmas for Feminists.” In THE KNOWLEDGE EXPLOSION: GENERATIONS OF FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP, ed. Cheris Kramarae & Dale Spender, pp.41-53. New York: Teachers College Press, 1992. Reviews the impact of feminism on physics and mathematics since the late 1960s.

1012 Brush, Stephen G. “Women in Physical Science: From Drudges to Discoverers.” PHYSICS TEACHER 23 (January 1985): 11-19.

1013 Couture-Cherki, Monique. “Women in Physics.” In IDEOLOGY OF/IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES, ed. by Hilary Rose and Steven Rose, pp.206-216. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1980. Discusses the status of women physicists in France.

1014 Fehrs, Mary, and Czujko, Roman. “Women in Physics: Reversing the Exclusion.” PHYSICS TODAY 45, no.8 (August 1992): 33-40.

1015 Franz, Judy. “Has Anything Changed?” PHYSICS TEACHER 28 (February 1990): 71. On physics education for women 1960-1990.

1016 Henderson, Bonnie C. “State and Society–Discrimination Against Women in Physics.” PHYSICS TODAY 25 (1972): 61-72.

1017 Hughes, Rhonda. “Status of Women in the Physical Sciences.” Cambridge, MA: Bunting Institute, 1980. CHOICES FOR SCIENCE, pp.27-32.

1018 Jackson, Shirley A. “From Clerk-Typist to Research Physicist.” In EXPANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES, ed. by Anne Briscoe & Sheila Pfafflin, pp.296-299. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 323; 1979.)

1019 Jones, L.M. “Intellectual Contributions of Women to Physics.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.188-214. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

1020 Julian, Maureen M. “Women in Crystallography.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.335-384. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

1021 Kahne, Hilda. “Women in Physics.” American Physical Society BULLETIN 17 (1977): 740-751.

1022 Kelly, Alison. “Women in Physics and Physics Education.” In NEW TRENDS IN PHYSICS TEACHING, ed. by J. Lewis. New York: Unesco, 1976.

1023 Kistiakowsky, Vera. “Women in Physics and Astronomy.” In EXPANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SCIENCES, ed. by Anne Briscoe and Sheila Pfafflin, 35-47. (ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 323; 1979.) A look at women’s status in the 1970s. Includes statistical tables.

1024 Kistiakowsky, Vera. “Women in Physics: Unnecessary, Injurious and Out of Place?” PHYSICS TODAY 33, no.2 (February 1980): 32-40.

1025 Lotze, Barbara, ed. MAKING CONTRIBUTIONS: AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF WOMEN’S ROLE IN PHYSICS. College Park, MD: American Association of Physics Teachers, 1984.

1026 Lubkin, Gloria. “Women in Physics.” PHYSICS TODAY 24, no.4 (April 1971): 23-27.

1027 MAKING CONTRIBUTIONS: AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF WOMEN’S ROLES IN PHYSICS. College Park, MD: American Association of Physics Teachers, 1984.

1028 Meitner, L. “The Status of Women in the Profession.” PHYSICS TODAY 13 (1960): 116-121.

1029 Patterson, Elizabeth C. MARY SOMERVILLE AND THE CULTIVATION OF SCIENCE, 1815-1840. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1983. International Archives for the History of Ideas, 102

1030 Pollack, B. L., and Little, L. K. “Experimental Project in Physics Education, or New Avenue for Women.” PHYSICS TEACHER 11 (1973): 391-399.

1031 Roth, Laura M., and O’Fallon, Nancy M. WOMEN IN PHYSICS. New York: American Physical Society, Committee on the Status of Women, 1976.

1032 Traweek, Sharon. “High Energy Physics: A Male Preserve.” TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 87, no.8 (November/December 1984): 42-43.

1033 Walberg, Herbert J. “Physics, Femininity, and Creativity.” DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOLOGY 1, no.1 (1969): 47-54. Research showing that “the apparent trait discontinuities in feminine and scientific roles help to account for the relatively poor showing of women in science.”

1034 Weeks, Dorothy W. “Women in Physics.” PHYSICS TODAY 13, no.22, (August 1960): 22-23.

1035 Wilson, Jane S., and Serber, Charlotte, eds. STANDING BY AND MAKING DO: WOMEN OF WARTIME LOS ALAMOS. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Historical Society, 1988.

1036 “Women Physicists in the U.S.: The Career Influence of Marital Status.” Fava, Sylvia F. Deierlein, Kathy CSWP GAZETTE: NEWSLETTER OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN PHYSICS 8, no.2 (August 1988): 1-3. Part of larger study on career paths of women physicists.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: In NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James et al. (3 vols., Combridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), see entries for Margaret Maltby and Sarah Whiting. In NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), see Elda Anderson, Maria Mayer, and Marie Rand. WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH: AN AMERICAN BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1724-1979, by Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thoms Finley (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1985) covers ten women physicists.

1037 Barr, E. Scott. “Margaret Eliza Maltby.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 28 (1960): 474-475. First woman to receive a Ph.D. from a German university.

1038 Crawford, Deborah. LISE MEITNER, ATOMIC PIONEER. New York: Crown, 1969.

1039 Dash, Joan. “Maria Goeppert-Mayer.” In A LIFE OF ONE’S OWN: THREE GIFTED WOMEN AND THE MEN THEY MARRIED, pp.229-346, 368-369. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

1040 Dickman, Steven. “Meitner Receives Her Due (Fifty Years After She Participated in the Discovery of Nuclear Fission).” NATURE 340 (August 17, 1989): 497.

1041 Elena, Alberto. “In Lode della Filosofessa di Bologna”: An Introduction to Laura Bassi.” ISIS 82 (September 1991): 510-518. Laura Maria Caterina Bassi (1711-78), Italian physicist and anatomist.

1042 Freeman, Joan. A PASSION FOR PHYSICS: THE STORY OF A WOMAN PHYSICIST. New York: A. Hilger, 1991.

1043 Frisch, O. R. “Lise Meitner, 1878-1968.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 16 (1970): 405-420. Nuclear physicist, co- discoverer of fission.

1044 Glasser, Robert G., and Snow, George A. “Bice Sechi-Zorm.” PHYSICS TODAY 38 (April 1985): 101. Obituary.

1045 Herzenberg, Caroline L., and Howes, Ruth Hege. “Women of the Manhattan Project.” TECHNOLOGY REVIEW (in press).

1046 Hodgkin, Dorothy H. C. “Kathleen Lonsdale, 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 21 (1975): 447-484. Crystallographer, physicist, chemist. First woman president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

1047 Horning, Beth. “The Controversial Career of Evelyn Fox Keller.” TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 96 (January 1993): 58-68.

1048 Howes, Ruth Hege, and Herzenberg, Caroline L. “Women in Weapons Development: The Manhattan Project.” In WOMEN AND THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE, ed. Ruth Hege Howes and Michael R. Stevenson, pp.95-110. Boulder, CO: Lynne Riener, 1993.

1049 Johnson, Karen E. “Maria Goeppert Mayer: Atoms, Molecules, and Nuclear Shells.” PHYSICS TODAY 39 (September 1986): 44-49. On her work during 1930-1946 which gained her a Nobel Prize.

1050 Julian, Maureen M. “Dame Kathleen Lonsdale (1903-1971).” PHYSICS TEACHER 19 (1981): 159-165.

1051 Keller, Evelyn Fox. “The Anomaly of a Woman in Physics.” In WORKING IT OUT: 23 WOMEN WRITERS, ARTISTS, SCIENTISTS, AND SCHOLARS TALK ABOUT THEIR LIVES AND WORK, ed. by Sara Ruddick & Pamela Daniels, pp.77-91. New York: Pantheon, 1977.

1052 Libby, Leona Marshall. THE URANIUM PEOPLE. New York: Crane Russak, 1979. Chatty memoir by a nuclear physicist.

1053 Lubkin, Gloria. “Chien-Shiung Wu, the First Lady of Physics Research.” SMITHSONIAN 1 (1971): 52-57.

1054 Maradudin, Alexei A., and Yen, William M. “Ljubov A. Rebane (obituary).” PHYSICS TODAY 45 (October 1992): 137-8. Russian spectroscopist.

1055 Mason, Joan. “The Admission of the First Women to the Royal Society of London.” NOTES AND RECORDS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 46 (1992): 279-300. On Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson.

1056 Mason, Joan. “Hertha Ayrton (1854-1923) and the Admission of Women to the Royal Society of London.” NOTES AND RECORDS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 45 (1991): 201-220.

1057 McCann, Mary. “No Parity in Science: Being a Woman in Nuclear Physics.” SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE no.46 (1980): 9-11. Autobiographical.

1058 Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W., and Rayner-Canham, Marelene F. HARRIET BROOKS: PIONEER NUCLEAR SCIENTIST. Buffalo, NY and Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992.

1059 Rayner-Canham, Marelene F., and Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W. “Harriet Brooks, 1876-1933: Canada’s First Woman Nuclear Physicist.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.195-203. Montreal: Vehicule Press; Buffalo, NY: U.S. Distributor Press, University of Toronto Press, 1990.

1060 Rayner-Canham, Marelene F., and Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W. “Pioneer Women in Nuclear-Science.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 58, no.11 (1990): 1036-1043.

1061 Rife, Pat. “Lise Meitner (1878-1968). Part 1: The Early Years.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 10, no.3 (May/June 1980): 8-13.

1062 Rife, Pat. “Lise Meitner (1878-1968). Part 2: the Mathematical Interpretation of Nuclear Fission.” ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER 10, no.4 (July/August 1980): 9-14.

1063 Sachs, Robert G. “Maria Goeppert Mayer, June 28, 1906-February 20, 1972.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 50 (1979): 311-328.

1064 Sharp, Evelyn. HERTHA AYRTON: A MEMOIR. London: Arnold, 1926.

1065 Sime, Ruth Lewin. “Lise Meitner and the Discovery of Fission.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 66 (May 1989): 373-376.

1066 Spradley, Joseph L. “Women and the Elements: The Role of Women in Element and Fission Discoveries.” PHYSICS TEACHER 27, no.9 (December 1989): 656-662. Describes the work of Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Ida Noddack, Irene Curie, Marguerite Perey, Chien-Shiung Wu, Maria Mayer, and others.

1067 Teitz, Joyce. “Physicist: Devrie S. Intriligator.” In WHAT’S A NICE GIRL LIKE YOU DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS?, pp. 124-144. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1972.

1068 Tousey, R. “The Solar Spectrum from Fraunhofer to Skylab: An Appreciation of the Contribution of Charlotte Moore Sitterly.” JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 5, no.10 (October 1988): 2230-2236. Chiefly technical description of Sitterly’s work in solar spectroscopy.

1069 Watkins, Sallie A. “Lise Meitner and the Beta-Ray Energy Controversy: An Historical Perspective.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 51 (1983): 550-553.

1070 Watkins, Sallie A. “Lise Meitner: The Making of a Physicist.” PHYSICS TEACHER 22 (1984): 12-15.