Health & Biology

This section contains bibliographies and review essays on women in the health professions and women’s health issues. Kali Herman’s WOMEN IN PARTICULAR: AN INDEX TO AMERICAN WOMEN (Phoenix: Oryx, 1984) points to biographical material on 1,318 women in the category “Medicine and Life Sciences.”

1071 Apple, Rima D. “Pictorial Essay.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.271-277. New York: Garland, 1990.

1072 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, 1965- . This annual reference tool lists current work in the history of medicine and health care under subject categories such as “Women in Medicine,” “Gynecology,” “Hygiene,” etc.

1073 Bishop, William John, and Goldie, Sue, comps. A BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. London: Dawson’s of Pall Mall, 1962.

1074 Boquist, Constance, and Haase, Jeannette V. AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF WOMEN IN DENTISTRY: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. Rockville, MD: U. S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Health Resources Administration, Office of Health Resources Opportunity, 1977. DHEW Pub. no.(HRA)77-643

1075 Bullough, Bonnie, Bullough, Vern L., Garvey, Jane, and Allen, Karen Miller. ISSUES IN NURSING: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. New York: Garland, 1986. Comprehensive bibliography on nursing ethics, nursing education, health-care delivery, nursing specialities, and a feminist critique of nursing.

1076 Bullough, Vern L., Bullough, Bonnie, and Elcano, Barrett. NURSING: A HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. New York: Garland, 1981.

1077 Bullough, Vern L., and Sentz, Lilli. PROSTITUTION: A GUIDE TO SOURCES, 1960-1990. New York: Garland, 1992. See “Medicine and Sexually Transmitted Diseases,” pp.256-271, and “Medicine and AIDS,” pp.271-286.

1078 Chaff, Sandra L., et al. WOMEN IN MEDICINE: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LITERATURE ON WOMEN PHYSICIANS. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1977.

1079 Cirasole, D.M., and Seager, G. “Women and Reproductive Technologies: A Partially Annotated Bibliography.” WOMEN & HEALTH 13, nos.1/2 (1987): 237-259.

1080 Draeger, Ida J. “Women as Physicians in the United States, 1850-1900.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 16, no.1 (June 1944): 72-81. Annotated bibliography.

1081 Dzuback, Mary Ann. “Nursing Historiography, 1960-1980: An Annotated Bibliography.” In NURSING HISTORY: NEW PERSPECTIVES, NEW POSSIBILITIES, ed. by Ellen Condliffe Lagemann, pp.181-210. New York: Teachers College Press, 1983.

1082 Huls, Mary Ellen. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS ON WOMEN 1800-1990: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY. VOLUME I: SOCIAL ISSUES. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993. Chapters “Health,” “Fertility and Maternity,” “Federal Maternal Health Programs,” “Birth Control and Abortion,” and “Illegitimacy and Adolescent Pregnancy,” provide annotated listings of government publications on these topics issued in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

1083 James, Janet W. “Writing and Rewriting Nursing History: A Review Essay.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE (1984): 568-584. Reviews eight books and identifies those listed in NURSING: A HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY by Bonnie Bullough, Vern Bullough, and Barrett Elcano.

1084 JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S HISTORY GUIDE TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE, comp. Gayle V. Fischer. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992. See bibliographies in the sections headed “Birth Control,” “Health,” and “Sexuality.”

1085 Kantha, Sachi Sri, comp. PROSTITUTES IN MEDICAL LITERATURE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991. Covers 1900-1990.

1086 Katz, Elaine. “Early Women Medical Writers: A Descriptive Handlist.” AB BOOKMAN’S WEEKLY (April 20, 1987): 1701-1703. Bibliography of works through the early 19th century, compiled by a rare book dealer.

1087 Mandelbaum, Dorothy Rosenthal. “Women in Medicine.” SIGNS 4, no.1 (Autumn 1978): 136-145. Review essay.

1088 Moore, Gloria, and Moore, Ronald. MARGARET SANGER AND THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT: A BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1911-1984. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1986. Over 1,300 citations, mostly with annotations.

1089 Morman, Edward T. with Jill Gates Smith and Margaret Jerrido. “Bibliography.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.519-556. New York: Garland, 1990.

1090 Nordquist, Joan. EATING DISORDERS: FEMINIST, HISTORICAL, CULTURAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS: A BIBLIOGRAPHY. Santa Cruz: Reference and Research Services, 1989.

1091 NURSING STUDIES INDEX, 1900-1960. New York: Garland, 1984. 4 vols. References to sixty years of nursing literature, indexed by Virginia Henderson and Leo Simmons.

1092 Sahli, Nancy Ann. “Sexuality in 19th and 20th Century America: The Sources and Their Problems.” RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW 20 (1979): 89-96.

1093 Sahli, Nancy Ann. WOMEN AND SEXUALITY IN AMERICA: A BIBLIOGRAPHY. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1984. Cites medical and scientific writings, as well as prescriptive literature, often with detailed annotations.

1094 Salisbury, Joyce E. MEDIEVAL SEXUALITY: A RESEARCH GUIDE. New York: Garland, 1990.

1095 Stevens, Patricia E. “Lesbian Health Care Research: A Review of the Literature from 1970-1990.” HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 13 (1992): 91-120.

1096 Stinson, Shirley, Johnson, Joy Louise, and Zilm, Glennis. HISTORY OF NURSING BEGINNING BIBLIOGRAPHY: A PROEMIAL LIST WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CANADIAN SOURCES. Edmonton, Canada: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 1992.

1097 Verbrugge, Martha H. “Women and Medicine in Nineteenth-Century America.” SIGNS 1, no.4 (Summer 1976): 957-972. Review essay.

General Works on Women and Health (1098-1108)

Included here are histories of women as health care providers and of women’s health.

1098 Achterberg, Jeanne. WOMAN AS HEALER. Boston, MA: Shambala; distr. Random, 1990.

1099 Apple, Rima D., ed. WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK. New York: Garland, 1990.

1100 Bourdillon, Hilary. WOMEN AS HEALERS: A HISTORY OF WOMEN AND MEDICINE. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

1101 Dakin, Theodora P. A HISTORY OF WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO WORLD HEALTH. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

1102 Harrison, Brian. “Women’s Health and the Women’s Movement in Britain: 1840-1940.” In BIOLOGY, MEDICINE AND SOCIETY 1840-9140, ed. Charles Webster, pp.15-71. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

1103 Hughes, Muriel Joy. WOMEN HEALERS IN MEDIEVAL LIFE AND LITERATURE. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1943. Repr. New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1968.

1104 Huston, Perdita. MOTHERHOOD BY CHOICE: PIONEERS IN WOMEN’S HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING. New York: Feminist Press, 1992. Includes Evangelina Rodriguez, the first woman doctor in the Dominican Republic; Miyoski Ohba, who introduced the use of condoms in rural Japan; Elsie Ottsen-Jensen, founder of the Swedish Association of Sex Educators, and others. Also published as THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE: PIONEERS IN WOMEN’S HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING (London: Earthscan, 1992).

1105 Levin, Beatrice. WOMEN AND MEDICINE: PIONEERS MEETING THE CHALLENGE! Lincoln, NE: Media Publishing, 1988. 2nd ed. Historical and contemporary biographical sketches of women in all areas of medical care.

1106 Perrone, Bobette, Stockel, H. Henrietta, and Krueger, Victoria. MEDICINE WOMEN, CURANDERAS, AND WOMEN DOCTORS. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989. Stories of ten women healers.

1107 Tucker, Sara W. “Opportunities for Women: The Development of Professional Women’s Medicine in Canton, China, 1879-1901.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 13, no.4 (1990): 357-368.

1108 Weaver, Bill L., and Thompson, James A. “Women in Medicine and the Issue in Late Nineteenth-Century Alabama.” ALABAMA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 43 (Winter 1981): 292-314.

Medicine and Dentistry: General (1109-1214)

1109 Abram, Ruth J., ed. “SEND US A LADY PHYSICIAN”: WOMEN DOCTORS IN AMERICA, 1835-1920. New York: Norton, 1985.

1110 Albisetti, James O. “The Fight for Female Physicians in Imperial Germany.” CENTRAL EUROPEAN HISTORY 15 (1982): 99-123.

1111 Alexander, Wendy. “Early Glasgow Women Medical Graduates.” In THE WORLD IS ILL DIVIDED: WOMEN’S WORK IN SCOTLAND IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES, ed. Eleanor Gordon & Esther Breitenbach, pp.70-94. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990.

1112 Altekruse, Joan M., and Rosser, Sue V. “Feminism and Medicine: Co- optation or Cooperation?” In THE KNOWLEDGE EXPLOSION: GENERATIONS OF FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP, ed. Cheris Kramarae & Dale Spender, pp.27-40. New York: Teachers College Press, 1992. Reviews the impact of feminism on medicine since the late 1960s.

1113 American Medical Association. WOMEN IN MEDICINE IN AMERICA: IN THE MAINSTREAM. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1991.

1114 American Women’s Hospitals, and Potter, Marion Craig, comp. CENSUS OF WOMEN PHYSICIANS, NOVEMBER 11, 1918. American Women’s Hospitals, 1918.

1115 Bauman, Raquel. “The Status of Chicanas in Medicine.” RESEARCH BULLETIN OF THE SPANISH-SPEAKING MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER 4, no.3 (March 1980): 6-7, 12-13.

1116 Belgrave, Michael. “A Subtle Containment: Women in New Zealand Medicine, 1893-1941.” NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF HISTORY 22, no.1 (1988): 44-55. Women physicians were overrepresented in low-paid positions compared to their male counterparts.

1117 Bell, Enid Hestor Chataway Moberly. STORMING THE CITADEL: THE RISE OF THE WOMAN DOCTOR. London: Constable, 1953.

1118 Bendiner, E. “The `Derailment’ That Spurred A Feminist Revolution in Medicine.” HOSPITAL PRACTICE 18, no.3 (March 1983): 225, 228, 233-237.

1119 Bennett, Alice H. ENGLISH MEDICAL WOMEN: GLIMPSES OF THEIR WORK IN PEACE AND WAR. London: Pitman & Sons, 1915.

1120 Benton, John F. “Trotula, Women’s Problems, and the Professionalization of Medicine in the Middle Ages.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 59, no.1 (Spring 1985): 30-53.

1121 Blackwell, Elizabeth. “The Influence of Women in the Profession of Medicine.” 1902; repr. New York: Arno, 1972. ESSAYS IN MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY (1902).

1122 Blake, John B. “Women and Medicine in Ante-bellum America.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 39, no.2 (1965): 99-123.

1123 Blount, Melissa. “Surpassing Obstacles: Black Women in Medicine.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 39, no.6 (November/December 1984): 192-195.

1124 Bonner, Thomas Neville. “Medical Women Abroad: A New Dimension of Women’s Push for Opportunity in Medicine, 1850-1914.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 62, no.1 (1988): 58-73. After 1870, thousands of American and European women flocked to medical schools in France and Switzerland because of the quality coeducation offered.

1125 Bonner, Thomas Neville. “Pioneering in Women’s Medical Education in the Swiss Universities 1864-1914.” GESNERUS 45 (1988): 461-473.

1126 Bonner, Thomas Neville. “Rendezvous in Zurich: Seven Who Made a Revolution in Women’s Medical Education, 1864-1874.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 44, no.1 (1989): 7-27. Six of the seven women discussed came to medical school in Switzerland because their home countries were much more restrictive in allowing women to study medicine. By 1907, over 1,000 women had followed them.

1127 Bonner, Thomas Neville. TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH: WOMEN’S SEARCH FOR EDUCATION IN MEDICINE. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

1128 Bridgforth, L.R. “The Sociology of Science: Women and Medicine in Nineteenth Century Mississippi.” JOURNAL OF THE MISSISSIPPI STATE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 26, no.1 (January 1985): 9-13.

1129 Brodman, Estelle. “A Century of Women Physicians.” NEW JERSEY MEDICINE 85, no.5 (May 1988): 375-382.

1130 Burlingame, L. J. “The History of Women in Medicine.” MARYLAND HISTORIAN 9, no.2 (Fall 1978): 51-62. Review essay.

1131 Calmes, S.H. “From Medicine to Management: The Female Physician Executive.” PHYSICIAN EXECUTIVE 17, no.1 (January/February 1991): 14-19. Includes historical look at women in medicine and medical management.

1132 Cangi, Ellen Corwin. “Patrons and Proteges: Cincinnati’s First Generation of Women Doctors, 1875-1910.” CINCINNATI HISTORICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 37 (Summer 1979): 89-114.

1133 Chaff, Sandra L. “Images of Female Medical Students at the Turn of the Century.” In SEX AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, ed. Sandra Harding and Jean F. O’Barr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

1134 Clevenger, Martha R. “From Lay Practitioner to Doctor of Medicine: Woman Physicians in St. Louis, 1860-1920.” GATEWAY HERITAGE 8, no.3 (1987-1988): 12-21.

1135 Coe, D.B., and Dienst, E.R. “Women in Podiatric Medicine. Experience During Training.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 80, no.6 (June 1990): 334-339.

1136 Cole, Stephen. “Sex Discrimination and Admission to Medical School, 1929-1984.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 92 (1986): 549-567.

1137 Conference on Meeting Medical Manpower Needs, Washington, DC, 1968. THE FULLER UTILIZATION OF THE WOMEN PHYSICIANS. Washington: U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1968. Report sponsored by the American Medical Women’s Association, the President’s Study Group on Careers for Women, and the Women’s Bureau.

1138 de la Cour, Lykke, and Sheinin, Rose. “The Ontario Medical College for Women, 1883-1906: Lessons from Gender-Separatism in Medical Education.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.112-120. Montreal: Vehicule Press, 1990.

1139 Dickstein, Leah J., and Nadelson, Carol C., eds. WOMEN PHYSICIANS IN LEADERSHIP ROLES. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1986. Includes several historical articles on women physicians in the United States.

1140 Drachman, Virginia G. “Female Solidarity and Professional Success: The Dilemma of Women Doctors in Late Nineteenth-Century America.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 15, no.4 (Summer 1982): 607-620.

1141 Drachman, Virginia G. HOSPITAL WITH A HEART: WOMEN DOCTORS AND THE PARADOX OF SEPARATISM AT THE NEW ENGLAND HOSPITAL, 1862-1969. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.

1142 Drachman, Virginia G. “The Limits of Progress: The Professional Lives of Women Doctors, 1881-1926.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 60 (Spring 1986): 58-72.

1143 Dykman, Roscoe A., and Stalmaker, John M. “Survey of Women Physicians Graduating from Medical School, 1925-40.” JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 32, no.3, pt.2 (March 1957): 3-38.

1144 Ehrenreich, Barbara, and English, Deirdre. “Women and the Rise of the American Medical Profession.” In FREEDOM, FEMINISM, AND THE STATE, ed. Wendy McElroy, pp.285-304. Washington: Cato Institute, 1982.

1145 Engel, Barbara Allen. “Women Medical Students in Russia, 1872-1882: Reformers or Rebels?” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 12 (1979): 394-414.

1146 Giangrego, Elizabeth. “AAWD: A Voice for Women in Dentistry.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 117 (1988): 441-445.

1147 Gillespie, L., Cosgrove, M., Fourcroy, J., Calmes, S. H. “Women in Urology: A Splash in the Pan.” UROLOGY 25, no.1 (January 1985): 93-97.

1148 Green, Monica. “Women’s Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe.” SIGNS 14, no.2 (Winter 1989): 434-473. Repr. in SISTERS AND WORKERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Ed. by J. Bennet et al. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.

1149 Hildreth, Martha L. “Delicacy and Propriety: The Acceptance of the Woman Physician in Victorian America.” HALCYON 9 (1987): 149-165.

1150 Hine, Darlene Clark. “Co-Laborers in the Work of the Lord: Nineteenth-Century Black Women Physicians.” In “SEND US A LADY PHYSICIAN”: WOMEN DOCTORS IN AMERICA, 1835-1920, ed. by Ruth J. Abram, pp.107-120. New York: Norton, 1985.

1151 Hine, Darlene Clark. “Opportunity and Fulfillment: Sex, Race, and Class in Health Care Education.” SAGE 2, no.2 (Fall 1985): 14-19. Examines the opportunities for medical education and nurse training available to Black women in the late nineteenth century.

1152 Holmes, Madelyn. “Go to Switzerland, Young Women, If You Want to Study Medicine.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 7, no.4 (1984): 243-245. Examines the cultural, political, and economic reasons why Switzerland educated so many European women doctors in the second half of the nineteenth century.

1153 Holoubek, Alice Baker. “Women in Medicine.” NORTH LOUISIANA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 17, no.2/3 (1986): 103-110.

1154 Hurd-Mead, Kate Campbell. A HISTORY OF WOMEN IN MEDICINE: FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Haddam, CT: Haddam Press, 1938. Repr. Boston: Milford House, 1973.

1155 Irwin, B.S. “Researching Women Physicians.” NEW JERSEY MEDICINE 85, no.5 (May 1988): 405-409.

1156 Jerrido, Margaret. “Early Black Women Physicians.” WOMEN AND HEALTH 5, no.3 (Fall 1980): 1-3.

1157 Jex-Blake, Sophia. MEDICAL WOMEN: A THESIS AND A HISTORY. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1886. Repr. New York: Source Book Press, 1970.

1158 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 36, no.2 (February 1981); Special Issue: “Women Physicians in Contemporary Society.” Includes “Women in Medicine: A Historical Perspective” by Thomas B. Turner; “`On the Same Terms Precisely’: The Women’s Medical Fund and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine” by Mary Patterson McPherson; “Fulfilling the Promise: Hopkins Women before World War II” by Caroline Bedell Thomas; “Little Choice and a Stimulating Environment” by Helen B. Taussig.

1159 Kaufman, Martin. “The Admission of Women to Nineteenth-Century American Medical Societies.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 50, no.2 (Summer 1976): 251-260.

1160 Kealey, Edward J. “England’s Earliest Women Doctors.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES 40, no.4 (October 1985): 473-477.

1161 Kendall, Diana, and Feagin, Joe R. “Blatant and Subtle Patterns of Discrimination: Minority Women in Medical Schools.” JOURNAL OF INTERGROUP RELATIONS 11, no.2 (1983): 8-33.

1162 King, John W., and King, Caroline R. “Early Women Physicians in Vermont.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 25, no.5 (September/October 1951): 429-441.

1163 Kinsler, Miriam S. “The American Woman Dentist: A Brief Historical Review from 1855 through 1968.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF DENTISTRY 17 (1967): 25-31.

1164 Lander, Kathleen F. “The Study of Anatomy by Women Before the Nineteenth Century.” London: 1922. PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE, pp.125-134.

1165 Lee, J.W. “Women Impact Dentistry.” JOURNAL OF THE MASSACHUSETTS DENTAL SOCIETY 40, no.3 (Summer 1991): 113-121.

1166 Lee, J.W. “Women in Dentistry–Past, Present and Future.” JOURNAL OF THE MICHIGAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 73, no.1 (January 1991): 26-32.

1167 Loevy, H.T., and Kowitz, A.A. “Founders of the American Association of Women Dentists: Their Legacy Lingers On.” INTERNATIONAL DENTISTRY JOURNAL 41, no.4 (August 1991): 240-247. History of the AAWD and biographical information on the 12 founders.

1168 Lopate, Carol. WOMEN IN MEDICINE. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968.

1169 Lorber, Judith. WOMEN PHYSICIANS: CAREERS, STATUS, AND POWER. New York: Tavistock, 1984.

1170 Lovejoy, Esther. WOMEN DOCTORS OF THE WORLD. New York: Macmillan, 1957.

1171 Lovejoy, Esther. WOMEN PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. Livingston, NY: Livingston Press, 1939.

1172 Lowther, Florence de Loiselle, and Downes, Helen R. “Women in Medicine.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 129 (October 13, 1945): 512-514.

1173 Malin, James C. DOCTORS, DEVILS AND THE WOMAN: FORT SCOTT, KANSAS, 1870-1890. Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press, 1975. Dr. Sarah C. Hall, and diseases of women and children.

1174 Marks, Geoffrey, and Beatty, William K. WOMEN IN WHITE. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972. General history of women in medicine and related fields. Illustrated.

1175 Marrett, Cora Bagley. “Nineteenth Century Associations of Medical Women: The Beginning of a Movement.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 32, no.12 (December 1977): 469-474.

1176 Marrett, Cora Bagley. “On the Evolution of Women’s Medical Societies.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 53, no.3 (Fall 1979): 434-448. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.429-437. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1177 Mathes, Valerie Sherer. “Native American Women in Medicine and the Military.” JOURNAL OF THE WEST 21 (April 1982): 41-48.

1178 McGovern, Constance M. “Doctors or Ladies? Women Physicians in Psychiatric Institutions, 1872-1900.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 55, no.1 (Spring 1981): 88-107. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp. 438-452. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1179 Moldow, Gloria. “`For Women, by Women’: Women’s Dispensaries and Clinics in Washington, 1882-1900.” RECORDS OF THE COLUMBIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. 50 (1980).

1180 Moldow, Gloria. WOMEN DOCTORS IN GILDED-AGE WASHINGTON: RACE, GENDER, AND PROFESSIONALIZATION. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.

1181 Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell. “The Compassionate Professional: Historical Notes on the Woman Physician’s Dilemma.” In SEEING FEMALE, ed. by S.S. Brehm, pp.113-122. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988.

1182 Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell. “The `Connecting Link’: The Case for the Woman Doctor in Nineteenth Century American Medicine.” In SICKNESS AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2nd ed., ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt & Ronald L. Numbers, pp.161-172. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

1183 Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell. “Not Feminized but Humanized.” NEW JERSEY MEDICINE 85, no.5 (May 1988): 363-370.

1184 Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell. “Physicians.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.477-495. New York: Garland, 1990.

1185 Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell. SYMPATHY AND SCIENCE: WOMEN PHYSICIANS IN AMERICAN MEDICINE. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Includes useful bibliographic essay.

1186 More, Ellen. “The Blackwell Medical Society and the Professionalization of Women Physicians.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 61 (1987): 603-628. On a women’s medical society.

1187 More, Ellen. “A Certain Restless Ambition: Women Physicians and World War I.” AMERICAN QUARTERLY 41 (December 1989): 636-660.

1188 Nemir, Rosa Lee. “Women in Medicine During the Last Half Century.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 33, no.5 (May 1978): 201-206.

1189 NEW JERSEY MEDICINE 85, no.5 (May 1988); Special Issue: “Women in Medicine.” CONTENTS: Regina Markell Morantz-Sanchez, “Not Feminized but Humanized;” Estelle Brodman, “A Century of Women Physicians;” Barbara Smith Unwin, “Researching Women Physicians;” and Linda Janet Holmes, “The Life of Lena Edwards.”

1190 Novick, T.G. “History of the Formation of the Committee on Women of the Westchester County Medical Society.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 90, no.6 (June 1990): 324-326.

1191 Phillips, Dennis H. “Women in Nineteenth Century Wisconsin Medicine.” WISCONSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 71 (November 1972): 13-18.

1192 Pomeroy, Sarah B. “Plato and the Female Physician.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY 99 (1978): 496-500.

1193 Price, S.S. “A Profile of Women Dentists.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 120, 4 (1990): 403-407.

1194 Ross, Mary Martin. “Women’s Struggles to Enter Medicine: Two Nineteenth-Century Women Physicians in America.” PHAROS OF ALPHA OMEGA ALPHA- HONOR MEDICAL SOCIETY 55, no.1 (Winter 1992): 33+.

1195 Santilli, V.C. “Perspectives on Women Physicians in New York State – Past, Present, and Future.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 90, 6 (1990): 317-321.

1196 Scher, M. “Women Psychiatrists in the United States.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 130, no.10 (1973): 1118-1122.

1197 Sebald, Hans. WITCHCRAFT, THE HERITAGE OF A HERESY. New York: Elsevier, 1978. Covers magic, healing, and mental illness.

1198 Sheinin, Rose, and de la Cour, Lykke. “Canadian Women Medical Scientists of 1870-1911: A Made-Invisible Canadian Product.” THE CRUCIBLE: JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE TEACHER’S ASSOCIATION OF ONTARIO 18 (January-February 1987): 34-38.

1199 Shryock, Richard Harrison. “Women in American Medicine.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 5, no.9 (September 1950): 371-379. Repr. as chapter 9 of MEDICINE IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL ESSAYS, by Richard H. Shryock. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966.

1200 Smith, Jill Gates. “Women in Health Care Delivery: The Histories of Women, Medicine and Photography.” CADUCEUS 1, no.4 (Winter 1985): 1-40.

1201 Tillman, Randi S. “Women in Dentistry: A Review of the Literature.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 91 (1975): 1214-1215.

1202 Turner, Thomos B. “Women In Medicine — A Historical Perspective.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 36, no.2 (February 1981): 33-37.

1203 Tuve, Jeanette E. THE FIRST RUSSIAN WOMEN PHYSICIANS. Newtonville, MA: Oriental Research Partners, 1984.

1204 Tuve, Jeanette E. “The First Russian Women Physicians.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 34, no.1 (January 1979): 5-11.

1205 Wahl, N. “Orthodontics with a Tender Touch.” THE ANGLE ORTHODONTIST 62, no.3 (Fall 1992): 235-239.

1206 Waite, Frederick C. HISTORY OF THE NEW ENGLAND FEMALE MEDICAL COLLEGE, 1848-1874. Boston: Boston University School of Medicine, 1950.

1207 Wall, Helena M. “Feminism and the New England Hospital, 1949-1961.” AMERICAN QUARTERLY 32 (Fall 1980): 435-452.

1208 Walsh, James Joseph. MEDIEVAL MEDICINE. London: A. & C. Black, 1920. See chapter 9, “Medical Education for Women.” Repr. New York: AMS Press, 1979.

1209 Walsh, Mary Roth. “DOCTORS WANTED, NO WOMEN NEED APPLY”: SEXUAL BARRIERS IN THE MEDICAL PROFESSION, 1839-1975. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

1210 Walsh, Mary Roth. “The Rediscovery of the Need for a Feminist Medical Education.” HARVARD EDUCATION REVIEW 49 (1979): 447-466.

1211 Walsh, Mary Roth. “Women in Medicine Since Flexner.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 90, no.6 (June 1990): 302-308. Repr. in BEYOND FLEXNER: MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. Ed. by Barbara M. Barzansky and Norman Gevitz. New York: Greenwood, 1992.

1212 Wilson, Marjorie. “The Status of Women in Medicine: Background Data.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 36, no.2 (February 1981): 62-79. Statistics on women physicians’ education and employment in the 1970s.

1213 “Women in Medicine.” NEW JERSEY MEDICINE 85, no.5 (May 1988): 363-442.

1214 Wyman, A.L. “The Surgeoness: The Female Practitioner of Surgery, 1400-1800.” MEDICAL HISTORY 28 (1984): 22-41.

Medicine and Dentistry: Biographies (1215-1293)

(Full title: Medicine & Dentistry: Biographies and Studies of Individuals)

NOTE: WOMEN IN MEDICINE: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LITERATURE OF WOMEN PHYSICIANS, by Sandra L. Chaff et al. (above, no.1078) cites nearly 1600 biographical publications on women physicians. NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971) has 53 entries under “Physicians,” and NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980) includes 28 under “Physicians” and another 17 under “Medicine– Researchers.” BLACK WOMEN IN AMERICA: AN HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, edited by Darlene Clark Hine (Brooklyn: Carlson, 1993) has entries for 39 physicians.

1215 Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. WOMEN IN MEDICINE. Chicago: 1971. On an organization of African American women physicians.

1216 Andrews-Koryta, Stepanka. “Dr. Olga Stastny, Her Service to Nebraska and the World.” NEBRASKA HISTORY 68, no.1 (1987): 20-27. Czechoslavakia-born early twentieth century physician.

1217 Andriole, Vincent T. “Florence Rena Sabin: Teacher, Scientist, Citizen.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 14 (1959): 320-350.

1218 Baker, S. Josephine. FIGHTING FOR LIFE. New York: Macmillan, 1939. Dr. Baker, 1873-1945, was a pediatrician and director of the New York City Bureau of Hygiene. Repr. New York: Arno Press, 1974.

1219 Barringer, Emily Dunning. BOWERY TO BELLEVUE: THE STORY OF NEW YORK’S FIRST WOMAN AMBULANCE SURGEON. New York: Norton, 1950.

1220 Blackwell, Elizabeth. PIONEER WORK IN OPENING THE MEDICAL PROFESSION TO WOMEN. London: J.M. Dent, 1914.

1221 Bluemel, Elinor. FLORENCE SABIN: COLORADO WOMAN OF THE CENTURY. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 1959.

1222 Brunton, L. “Some Women in Medicine.” CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 48 (1943): 60-65. Repr. in CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 146, no.6 (1992): 955-961.

1223 Calmes, S.H. “Virginia Apgar: A Woman Physician’s Career in a Developing Speciality.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 39, no.6 (November/December 1984): 184-188.

1224 Carter, Codell. “Sophia Jex-Blake’s Doctoral Dissertation on Puerperal Fever.” ATLANTIS 11, no.2 (1986): 145-153.

1225 Cornell, Virginia. DOC SUSIE: THE TRUE STORY OF A COUNTRY PHYSICIAN IN THE COLORADO ROCKIES. Carpinteria, CA: Manifest Publications, 1991.

1226 Davidson, Sherrie F., and Fleischer, Doris T. PAULINE TENZEL: THE LIFE STORY OF A `LADY DOCTOR’. New York: Biblio Press, 1992. The only woman obstetrician in Nashville, TN from 1932 to 1952.

1227 Davis, S. “Lucy Hobbs Taylor: The Mixed Blessing of Being First.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 117 (1988): 443.

1228 Dock, George. “Robert Talbor, Madame de Sevigne and the Introduction of Cinchona: An Episode Illustrating the Influence of Women in Medicine.” ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY 4 (1922): 241-247.

1229 Edge, Fred. THE IRON ROSE: THE EXTRAORDINARY LIFE OF CHARLOTTE ROSS, M.D. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1992. Canadian physician who lived from 1842-1916.

1230 Edwards, Ralph W. “The First Woman Dentist, Lucy Hobbs Taylor, D.D.S. (1833-1910).” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 25 (1951): 277-283.

1231 Engbring, Gertrude M. “Saint Hildegard, Twelfth Century Physician.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 8, no.6 (June 1940): 770-784.

1232 Evans, Barbara. FREEDOM TO CHOOSE: THE LIFE AND WORK OF DR. HELENA WRIGHT, PIONEER OF CONTRACEPTION. London: Bodley Head, 1984.

1233 Fairbanks, Virgil F. “Doctor Ashby of Virginia: An Admiring Profile.” MAYO ALUMNUS 11, no.2 (April 1975): 28-33. Winifred Mayer Ashby.

1234 Forster, Margaret. SIGNIFICANT SISTERS: THE GRASSROOTS OF ACTIVE FEMINISM. New York: Knopf, 1985. Elizabeth Blackwell, pp.53-90.

1235 Fryer, Mary Beacock. EMILY STOWE: DOCTOR AND SUFFRAGIST. Toronto: Hannah Institute & Dundurn Press, 1990.

1236 Gillett, Margaret. “The Heart of the Matter: Maude Abbott, M.D., 1869-1940.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.179-194. Montreal: Vehicule Press; Buffalo, NY: U.S. distributor, University of Toronto Press, 1990.

1237 Goodwin, Norma J. “The Black Women Physicians.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 85 (April 1985): 145-147.

1238 Gordon, Felicia. THE INTEGRAL FEMINIST: MADELEINE PELLETIER, 1874-1939: FEMINISM, SOCIALISM AND MEDICINE. Oxford, England: Polity Press, 1990. Biography of French doctor, psychiatrist, and birth control advocate.

1239 Grant, Madeleine P. ALICE HAMILTON: PIONEER DOCTOR IN INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. London: Abelard-Schuman, 1967.

1240 Hamilton, Alice. EXPLORING THE DANGEROUS TRADES: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ALICE HAMILTON. Boston: Little, Brown, 1943. Repr. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1985.

1241 Harer, W.B. Jr., and el-Dawakhly, Z. “Peseshet — The First Female Physician?” OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY 74, no.6 (December 1989): 960-961. Ancient Egyptian known as the “Overseer of Women Physicians.”

1242 Hawks, Esther Hill, and Schwartz, Gerald, ed. A WOMAN DOCTOR’S CIVIL WAR: ESTHER HILL HAWKS’ DIARY. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1989.

1243 Hellstedt, Leone McGregor, ed. WOMEN PHYSICIANS OF THE WORLD: AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OF MEDICAL PIONEERS. Washington, DC: Hemisphere, 1978.

1244 Hewitt, D.L. “Dentistry’s First Lady: Lucy Hobbs Taylor.” OHIO DENTISTRY JOURNAL 62, no.4 (1988): 28-31.

1245 Hine, Darlene Clark. “Black Women Physicians in America: The Pioneers, 1864-1925.” HAMPTON UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF ETHNIC STUDIES (1985)

1246 Horn, Margo. “`Sisters Worthy of Respect’: Family Dynamics and Women’s Roles in the Blackwell Family.” JOURNAL OF FAMILY HISTORY 8 (1983): 367-382.

1247 Jacobi, Mary Putnam; ed. by Ruth Putnam. LIFE AND LETTERS OF MARY PUTNAM JACOBI. London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1925.

1248 John, Helen J. “Hildegard of Bingen: A New Twelfth-century Woman Philosopher?” HYPATIA 7, no.1 (Winter 1992): 115-123.

1249 Kaufman, Sharon R. THE HEALER’S TALE: TRANSFORMING MEDICINE AND CULTURE. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.

1250 Lightfoot, Sara Lawrence. BALM IN GILEAD: JOURNEY OF A HEALER. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1988. Biography of her mother, Margaret Morgan Lawrence, one of the first Black women psychiatrists.

1251 Link, Eugene P. “Abraham and Mary P. Jacobi, Humanitarian Physicians.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 4 (1949): 382-392.

1252 Loevy, H. T. “M. Evangeline Jordon, Pioneer in Pedodontics.” PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY 13, no.1 (January/February 1991): 69-72.

1253 Lutzker, Edythe. EDITH PECHEY-PHIPSON, M.D. New York: Exposition Press, 1973. Practiced in England and India.

1254 Lutzker, Edythe. WOMEN GAIN A PLACE IN MEDICINE. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1969. Details the careers of five pioneer English women doctors.

1255 Manton, Jo. ELIZABETH GARRETT ANDERSON. New York: Dutton, 1965.

1256 Martindale, Louisa. A WOMAN SURGEON. London: Gollancz, 1951.

1257 Mathes, Valerie Sherer. “Susan LaFlesche Picotte: Nebraska’s Indian Physician, 1865-1915.” NEBRASKA HISTORY 63 (Winter 1982): 502-530.

1258 McGavran, Mary Theodora, Kaiser, Robert M., Chaff, Sandra L., and Peitzman, Steven J., eds. “A Philadelphia Medical Student of the 1890’s: The Diary of Mary Theodora McGavran.” PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY 108 (1984): 217-236.

1259 McMaster, Philip D., and Heidelberger, Michael. “Florence Rena Sabin, November 9, 1871 – October 3, 1953.” BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 34 (1960): 271-305.

1260 Mead, Kate Campbell (Hurd) MEDICAL WOMEN OF AMERICA: A SHORT HISTORY OF THE PIONEER MEDICAL WOMEN OF AMERICA AND OF A FEW OF THEIR COLLEAGUES IN ENGLAND. New York: Froben, 1933.

1261 Mitchell, A.M. “Esther Pohl Lovejoy and the American Women’s Hospitals.” WOMEN & HEALTH 6, nos.3/4 (Fall/Winter 1981): 89-92.

1262 Monteiro, Lois A. “On Separate Roads: Florence Nightingale and Elizabeth Blackwell.” SIGNS 9, no.3 (Spring 1984): 520-533. Reprints and comments on letters between Nightingale and Blackwell.

1263 Morantz, Regina Markell. “Feminism, Professionalism, and Germs: The Thought of Mary Putnam Jacobi and Elizabeth Blackwell.” AMERICAN QUARTERLY 34, no.5 (Winter 1982): 459-478. Repr. in WOMEN AND THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY, ed. by Barbara J. Harris and Jo Ann K. McNamara. Durham, NC: Duke University Press,1984.

1264 Morantz, Regina Markell, Pomerleau, Cynthia Stodola, and Fenichel, Carol Hansen, eds. IN HER OWN WORDS: ORAL HISTORIES OF WOMEN PHYSICIANS. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982.

1265 Morantz-Sanchez, Regina. “Feminist Theory and Historical Practice: Rereading Elizabeth Blackwell.” HISTORY AND THEORY 31, no.4 (1992): 51-69.

1266 Moye, William T. “BLS and Alice Hamilton: Pioneers in Industrial Health.” MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW 109 (June 1986): 24-27. Early 20th century investigator of occupational health hazards for the Bureau of Labor.

1267 Munster, L. “Women Doctors in Medieval Italy.” CIBA SYMPOSIUM 10 (1962): 136-140.

1268 Naidu, Prema M. IN LOVE WITH LIFE: MEMOIRS OF A LADY DOCTOR. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1990. Gynecologist in India.

1269 Offen, Karen. “A Nineteenth-Century French Feminist Rediscovered: Jenny P. D’Hericourt, 1809-1875.” SIGNS 13, no.1 (1987): 14-158. French feminist medical practitioner who also lived in the United States for ten years.

1270 Parker, Beulah. THE EVOLUTION OF A PSYCHIATRIST: MEMOIRS OF A WOMAN DOCTOR. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.

1271 Peitzman, Steven J. “The Quiet Life of a Philadelphia Medical Woman: Mary Willits (1855-1902).” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 34, no.12 (December 1979): 443-457.

1272 Rhoads, Mila I. Pierce. “Beginning a Career in Pediatric Hematology: 1926.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 260 (September 16, 1988): 1606-1609.

1273 Robinson, Victor. “Mary Putnam Jacobi.” MEDICAL LIFE 35, no.7 (July 1928): 334-353.

1274 Root, Eliza H. “Frances Emily White, M.D.” WOMAN’S MEDICAL JOURNAL 14, no.5 (May 1904): 97-99.

1275 Rosenbloom, Jacob. “Statements of Medical Interest from the Letters of Madame de Sevigne.” MEDICAL LIFE 30 (1923): 71-108, 133-157, 291-307.

1276 Salber, Eva J. THE MIND IS NOT THE HEART: RECOLLECTIONS OF A WOMAN PHYSICIAN. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989. A white South African physician, she served Black patients there and in rural North Carolina.

1277 Seraile, William. “Susan McKinney Steward: New York State’s First African-American Woman Physician.” AFRO-AMERICANS IN NEW YORK LIFE AND HISTORY 9 (July 1985): 27-44.

1278 Shipp, Ellis Reynolds. THE EARLY AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND DIARY OF ELLIS REYNOLDS SHIPP, M.D. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret News Press, 1962.

1279 Sicherman, Barbara. ALICE HAMILTON: A LIFE IN LETTERS. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984. Hamilton was a physician and pioneer in the field of industrial medicine.

1280 Snyder, Charles McCool. DR. MARY WALKER: THE LITTLE LADY IN PANTS. New York: Vantage, 1962. Dr. Walker (1832-1919) won the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1865 and had it withdrawn in 1917. Repr. New York: Arno, 1974.

1281 Solberg, Winton U. “Martha G. Ripley: Pioneer Doctor and Social Reformer.” MINNESOTA HISTORY 39, no.1 (Spring 1964): 1-17

1282 Stern, Madeleine. “Lydia Folger Fowler, M.D.: First American Woman Professor of Medicine.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 77 (1977): 1137-1140.

1283 Stone, Mildred. HEN MEDIC: FIFTY YEARS IN MEDICINE. New York: Carlton Press, 1989. Wisconsin physician.

1284 Stuard, Susan Mosher. “Dame Trot.” SIGNS 1, no.2 (Winter 1975): 537-542. On Trotula of Salerno, 11th-century author of two medical treatises.

1285 Todd, Margaret. THE LIFE OF SOPHIA JEX-BLAKE. London: Macmillan, 1918.

1286 Tsai, H.H. “Scottish Women Medical Pioneers – Manchuria 1894-1912.” SCOTTISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 37, no.2 (1992): 56-59.

1287 Van Hoosen, Bertha. PETTICOAT SURGEON. Chicago: Pellegrini & Cudahy, 1947. Repr. New York: Arno, 1980.

1288 Viseltear, Arthur J. “Joanna Stephens and the Eighteenth-Century Lithontriptics: A Misplaced Chapter in the History of Therapeutics.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 42 (1968): 199-220.

1289 Waite, Frederick C. “Dr. Lydia Folger Fowler: The Second Woman to Receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine in the United States.” ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY 4 (1932): 290-297.

1290 Webb, Bernice Larson. LADY DOCTOR ON A HOMESTEAD: THE THOMAS COUNTY YEARS, 1879-1890, OF MARY AMELIA HAY (1832-1907). Colby, KS: H.F. Davis Memorial Library, Colby Community College, 1987.

1291 Wiberforce, Octavia, and Jalland, Pat, ed. OCTAVIA WILBERFORCE: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A PIONEER WOMAN DOCTOR. New York: Cassell, 1989. British physician in early twentieth century.

1292 Wilson, Dorothy Clark. LONE WOMAN. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.

1293 Zakrzewska, Marie E.; ed. by Agnes Vietor. A WOMAN’S QUEST: THE LIFE OF MARIE ZAKRZEWSKA. New York: Appleton, 1924. Physician who worked with Elizabeth Blackwell.

Nursing (1294-1458)

GENERAL

1294 Adams, Elmer Cleveland, and Foster, W. D. HEROINES OF MODERN PROGRESS. New York: Sturgis & Walton, 1913.

1295 Allen, Natali, and Brister, Eve. “Nurses with Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Study [1901-1950].” WOMEN’S STUDIES JOURNAL 5 (December 1989): 38-60.

1296 Ashley, Jo Ann. HOSPITALS, PATERNALISM, AND THE ROLE OF THE NURSE. New York: Teachers College Press, 1976.

1297 Austin, Ann L. HISTORY OF NURSING SOURCE BOOK. New York: Putnam, 1957.

1298 Baer, Ellen D. “Nurses.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.459-475. New York: Garland, 1990.

1299 Bankert, Marianne. WATCHFUL CARE: A HISTORY OF AMERICA’S NURSE ANESTHETISTS. New York: Continuum, 1989.

1300 Benson, Evelyn R., and Selekman, Janice. “Jewish Women and Nursing: An Overview of Early History.” JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK STATE NURSES ASSOCIATION 23, no.4 (December 1992): 16-19.

1301 Breckinridge, Mary, and Ireland, B. “The Birth of the Frontier Nursing Service — The First Words, The First Steps.” FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE QUARTERLY BULLETIN 62, no.1 (Summer 1986): 3-11.

1302 Breckinridge, Mary. WIDE NEIGHBORHOODS: A STORY OF FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE. New York: Harper, 1952. Repr. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981.

1303 Brown, Mary Louise. “One Hundred Years of Industrial or Occupational Health Nursing in the United States.” AAOHN JOURNAL 36 (1988): 433-36.

1304 Buhler-Wilkerson, Karen. FALSE DAWN: THE RISE AND DECLINE OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, 1900-1930. New York: Garland, 1989. While public health nurses in 1900 were both providers of sick care for the poor and preventive health educators, over time their roles diverged based on whether they worked for voluntary agencies, which cared for the sick at home, or public health departments and boards of education, where they taught prevention.

1305 Buhler-Wilkerson, Karen, ed. NURSING AND THE PUBLIC’S HEALTH: AN ANTHOLOGY OF SOURCES. New York: Garland, 1989. Primary documents in the history of public health nursing.

1306 Bullough, Bonnie. “Barriers to the Nurse Practitioner Movement: Problems of Women in a Woman’s Field.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 5, no.2 (1975): 225-233.

1307 Bullough, Bonnie, Bullough, Vern L., Garvey, Jane, and Allen, Karen Miller. ISSUES IN NURSING: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. New York: Garland, 1986. Comprehensive bibliography on nursing ethics, nursing education, health-care delivery, nursing specialities, and a feminist critique of nursing.

1308 Bullough, Vern L., and Bullough, Bonnie. THE CARE OF THE SICK: THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN NURSING. New York: Prodist, 1978. Lengthy bibliography.

1309 Bullough, Vern L., Bullough, Bonnie, and Stanton, Marietta P., eds. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND HER ERA: A COLLECTION OF NEW SCHOLARSHIP. Hamden, CT: Garland, 1990. (Garland reference library of social science, no.629) Nineteen papers on the life of Florence Nightingale and other nursing topics from her era.

1310 Bullough, Vern L., and Bullough, Bonnie. HISTORY, TRENDS, AND POLITICS OF NURSING. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1984.

1311 Campbell, Anne G. “Mary Breckenridge and the American Committee for Devastated France: The Foundations of the Frontier Nursing Service.” REGISTER OF THE KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCIETY 82 (Summer 1984): 257-276.

1312 Carnegie, Mary Elizabeth. “Black Nurses in the United States: 1879-1992.” JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL BLACK NURSES ASSOCIATION 6, no.1 (Fall/Winter 1992): 13-18.

1313 Carnegie, Mary Elizabeth. “The Impact of Integration on the Nursing Profession: An Historical Sketch.” NEGRO HISTORY BULLETIN 28 (April 1965): 154-55, 168. Brief historical study of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses.

1314 Carnegie, Mary Elizabeth. THE PATH WE TREAD: BLACKS IN NURSING, 1854-1984. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1986.

1315 Carroll, William K., and Warburton, Rennie. “Feminism, Class Consciousness and Household-Work Linkages Among Registered Nurses in Victoria.” LABOR/LE TRAVAIL 24 (Fall 1989): 131-146.

1316 Chua, Wai-Fong, and Clegg, Stewart. “Professional Closure: The Case of British Nursing.” THEORY AND SOCIETY 19 (April 1990): 135-172.

1317 Coburn, David. “The Development of Canadian Nursing: Professionalization and Proletarianization.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 18 (1988): 437-470.

1318 Crowe-Carraco, Carol. “Mary Breckenridge (d.1965) and the Frontier Nursing Service.” REGISTER OF THE KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCIETY 76 (July 1978): 179-191.

1319 D’Antonio, Patricia O’Brien. “The Legacy of Domesticity: Nursing in Early Nineteenth-Century America.” NURSING HISTORY REVIEW 1 (1993): 229-246.

1320 Dammann, Nancy. A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE. Sun City, AZ: Social Change Press, 1982. Operated in rural Kentucky beginning in the 1920s.

1321 Davies, Celia, ed. REWRITING NURSING HISTORY. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1980.

1322 Davis, Audrey B. “With Love and Money: Visiting Nursing in Buffalo, New York, 1885-1915.” NEW YORK HISTORY 71 (January 1990): 45-67.

1323 Davis, Ruth W. “Behind the Battle of Gettysburg: American Nursing is Born.” PENNSYLVANIA HERITAGE 13, no.4 (1987): 10-15.

1324 DeBella, Sandra, and Martin, Leonide, and Siddall, Sandra. NURSES’ ROLE IN CHANGING HEALTH CARE PLANNING. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1986. Covers early American times to the present.

1325 Deloughery, Grace L. HISTORY AND TRENDS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING. St. Louis: Mosby, 1977. 8th ed.

1326 Dietz, Lena, and Lehozg, Aurelia R. HISTORY AND MODERN NURSING. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, 1967.

1327 Dingwall, Robert, and Rafferty, Anne Marie, and Webster, Charles. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF NURSING. London: Routledge, 1988.

1328 Dock, Lavinia L., and Stewart, Isabel Maitland. A SHORT HISTORY OF NURSING FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1920. 3rd ed., 1931; 4th ed., 1938. Dock and Stewart were among the early leaders of the professionalization movement.

1329 Dolan, Josephine A., Fitzpatrick, M. Louise, and Herrman, Eleanor. NURSING IN SOCIETY: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1983. 15th ed.

1330 Ehrenreich, Barbara, and English, Deirdre. WITCHES, MIDWIVES, AND NURSES: A HISTORY OF WOMEN HEALERS. New York: Feminist Press, 1973.

1331 Emo, Dretha M., Hall, Sharon, and Kern, Darlene. “1964: Vietnam and Army Nursing.” MINERVA: QUARTERLY REPORT ON WOMEN AND THE MILITARY 8 (1990): 349-367.

1332 Fiedler, Leslie A. “Images of the Nurse in Fiction and Popular Culture.” LITERATURE AND MEDICINE 2 (1985): 79-90.

1333 THE FIFTY YEAR GRADUATES OF FREEDMEN’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING TELL THEIR STORY. Washington, DC: Freedmen’s Hospital Nurses Alumni Clubs, 1986. On fifty-one African American graduates from 1913-1935.

1334 Fitzpatrick, M. Louise, ed. HISTORICAL STUDIES IN NURSING. New York: Teachers College Press, 1978.

1335 Flaumenhaft, Eugene, and Flaumenhaft, Carol. “American Nursing and the Road Not Taken.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 44 (January 1989): 72-89.

1336 Frank, Charles Marie, Sister. FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1959. 2nd ed.

1337 Frank, Charles Marie, Sister. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING, EMPHASIZING THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF THE RACE AND THE INFLUENCE OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION ON THE HEALING ARTS. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1953.

1338 Freedman, Dan, and Rhoads, Jacqueline, eds. NURSES IN VIETNAM: THE FORGOTTEN VETERANS. Austin, TX: Texas Monthly Press, 1987. Personal narratives.

1339 Garling, Jean. “Flexner and Goldmark: Why the Difference in Impact?” NURSING OUTLOOK 33 (1985): 26-31. Contrasts the 1910 Flexner Report on medical education and the 1923 Goldmark Report on nursing education.

1340 Goodnow, Minnie. NURSING HISTORY IN BRIEF. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1950. 3rd ed.

1341 Greene, J. “The Begining of Community Psychiatric Nursing.” HISTORY OF NURSING 2, no.9 (1989): 14-20.

1342 Hamilton, Diane. “The Cost of Caring: The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s Visiting Nurse Service, 1909-1953.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 63 (Fall 1989): 414-434.

1343 Hine, Darlene Clark. BLACK WOMEN IN WHITE: RACIAL CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN THE NURSING PROFESSIONS, 1890-1950. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

1344 Hine, Darlene Clark. “The Ethel Johns Report: Black Women in the Nursing Profession, 1925.” JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY 67, no.3 (Fall 1982): 212-228.

1345 Hine, Darlene Clark. “From Hospital to College: Black Nurse Leaders and the Rise of Collegiate Nursing Schools.” JOURNAL OF NEGRO EDUCATION 51 (Summer 1982): 222-237.

1346 Hine, Darlene Clark. “Opportunity and Fulfillment: Sex, Race, and Class in Health Care Education.” SAGE 2, no.2 (Fall 1985): 14-19. Examines the opportunities for medical education and nurse training available to Black women in the late nineteenth century.

1347 Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. BLACK WOMEN IN THE NURSING PROFESSION: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY. New York: Garland, 1985.

1348 Hoffman, Frances L. “Feminism and Nursing.” NWSA JOURNAL 3, no.1 (1991): 53-69.

1349 James, Janet W. “Writing and Rewriting Nursing History: A Review Essay.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE (1984): 568-584. Reviews eight books and identifies those listed in NURSING: A HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY by Bonnie Bullough, Vern Bullough, and Barrett Elcano.

1350 Jamieson, Elizabeth M., Sewall, Mary F., and Suhrie, Eleanor B. TRENDS IN NURSING HISTORY: THEIR SOCIAL, INTERNATIONAL, AND ETHNICAL RELATIONSHIPS. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1966. 6th ed.

1351 Jardine, Pauline O. “An Urban Middle-Class Calling: Women and the Emergence of Modern Nursing Education at the Toronto General Hospital, 1881-1914.” URBAN HISTORY REVIEW 17 (February 1989): 177-190.

1352 Jecker, Nancy S., and Self, Donnie J. “Separating Care and Cure: An Analysis of Historical and Contemporary Images of Nursing and Medicine.” JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 16 (1991): 285-306.

1353 Johns, Ethel, and Pfefferkorn, Blanche. THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSES, 1889-1949. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1954.

1354 Jones, Ann Hudson. IMAGES OF NURSES IN HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND ART. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987.

1355 Kalisch, Beatrice J., and Kalisch, Philip A. POLITICS OF NURSING. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1982.

1356 Kalisch, Philip A., and Kalisch, Beatrice J. THE ADVANCE OF AMERICAN NURSING. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986. 2nd ed. Lengthy bibliography.

1357 Kalisch, Philip A., and Kalisch, Beatrice J. THE CHANGING IMAGE OF THE NURSE. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley Health Sciences Division, 1987.

1358 Kalisch, Philip A., and Kalisch, Beatrice J. “The Image of Nurses in Novels.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING 82 (1982): 1220-24.

1359 Kalisch, Philip A., Kalisch, Beatrice J., and Scobey, M. IMAGES OF NURSES ON TELEVISION. New York: Springer, 1983.

1360 Kalisch, Philip A., and Kalisch, Beatrice J. “When Nurses Were National Heroines: Images of Nursing in American Film, 1942-1945.” NURSING FORUM 20, no.1 (1981): 14-61.

1361 Keddy, Barbara. “A Canadian Historical View of Nurses and Health Care: The Traditional View of `Female Expertise.'” HISTORY OF NURSING BULLETIN 2, no.5 (1988): 16-20.

1362 Keddy, Barbara, et al. “Nurses’ Work World: Scientific or `Womanly Ministering’?” RFR/DRF 16, no.4 (December 1987): 37-39. History of nursing in Canada, based on taped interviews.

1363 King, Helen. “Using the Past: Nursing and the Medical Profession in Ancient Greece.” In ANTHROPOLOGY AND NURSING, ed. Pat Holden and Jenny Littlewood, pp.7-24. New York: Routledge, 1991.

1364 Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe, ed. NURSING HISTORY: NEW PERSPECTIVES, NEW POSSIBILITIES. New York: Teachers College Press, 1983.

1365 Lance, N. “Historical Lessons? The State Enrolled Nurse.” HISTORY OF NURSING 2, no.9 (1989): 21-51.

1366 Lewenson, Sandra Beth. TAKING CHARGE: NURSING, SUFFRAGE, AND FEMINISM IN AMERICA, 1873-1920. New York: Garland, 1993.

1367 Linebach, Laura. “The Railroad Stewardess-Nurse: A Step Toward Autonomy in Nursing Practice.” HISTORY OF NURSING BULLETIN 2, no.5 (1988): 17-35.

1368 Lyons-Barrett, Mary. “The Omaha Visiting Nurses Association During the 1920s and 1930s.” NEBRASKA HISTORY 70 (Winter 1988): 283-296.

1369 Maggs, Christopher J. EXPLORING HISTORY: AN INTRODUCTION TO NURSING’S PAST. London: Continuing Nurse Education Programme, 1989.

1370 Maher, Sister Mary Denis. TO BIND UP THE WOUNDS: CATHOLIC SISTER NURSES IN THE U.S. CIVIL WAR. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1989. Contributions in Women’s Studies, no.107

1371 Marsden, Celine, and Omery, Anna. “Women, Science, and a Women’s Science.” WOMEN’S STUDIES 21, no.4 (1992): 479-489.

1372 Marshall, Kathryn. IN THE COMBAT ZONE: AN ORAL HISTORY OF AMERICAN WOMEN IN VIETNAM, 1966-1975. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987.

1373 Matejski, Myrtle P. “Ladies’ Aid Societies and the Nurses of Lincoln’s Army.” JOURNAL OF NURSING HISTORY 1, no.2 (1986): 35-51.

1374 McBryde, Brenda. QUIET HEROINES: NURSES OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR. London: Chatto & Windus, 1985.

1375 Melosh, Barbara. “More than `The Physician’s Hand’: Skill and Authority in Twentieth Century Nursing.” In WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.482-496. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1376 Melosh, Barbara. THE PHYSICIAN’S HAND: WORK CULTURE AND CONFLICT IN AMERICAN NURSING. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983.

1377 Miller, Elissa Lane. “Arkansas Nurses, 1895 to 1920: A Profile.” ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 47 (Summer 1988): 154-171.

1378 Moore, Judith. A ZEAL FOR RESPONSIBILITY: THE STRUGGLE FOR PROFESSIONAL NURSING IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND, 1868-1883. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1988. Conflicts between nurses, hospital administrators, and doctors are examined in 19th century Britain.

1379 Mottus, J. E. NEW YORK NIGHTINGALES: THE EMERGENCE OF THE NURSING PROFESSION AT BELLEVUE AND NEW YORK HOSPITAL, 1850-1920. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1981.

1380 Mulligan, Joan E. “Nursing and Feminism: Caring and Curing.” In THE KNOWLEDGE EXPLOSION: GENERATIONS OF FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP, ed. Cheris Kramarae & Dale Spender, pp.172-180. New York: Teachers College Press, 1992. Reviews the impact of feminism on nursing since the late 1960s.

1381 Nightingale, Florence. CASSANDRA: AN ESSAY BY FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. New York: Feminist Press, 1979. Written in 1852. This edition features an introduction by Myra Stark, pp.1-23.

1382 Nightingale, Florence, and Seymer, Lucy Ridgely, comp. SELECTED WRITINGS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. New York: Macmillan, 1954.

1383 Norman, Elizabeth M. “Who and Where Are Nursing’s Historians?” NURSING FORUM 20, no.2 (1981): 138-152.

1384 Norman, Elizabeth M. WOMEN AT WAR: THE STORY OF FIFTY MILITARY NURSES WHO SERVED IN VIETNAM. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.

1385 NURSING HISTORY REVIEW: OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF NURSING. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. New journal edited by Joan E. Lynaugh.

1386 NURSING RESEARCH 36, no.1 (1987); Special issue on the history of nursing.

1387 NURSING RESEARCH 36, no.1 (January/February 1987); special issue on research in nursing history. Includes Joan Lynaugh and Susan Reverby, “Thoughts on the Nature of History;” Patricia O’Brien, “`All a Woman’s Life Can Bring’: the Domestic Roots of Nursing in Philadelphia, 1830-1885;” Ellen D. Baer, “`A Cooperative Venture’ in Pursuit of Professional Status: a Research Journal for Nursing;” Mary Madeline Rogge, “Nursing and Politics: A Forgotten Legacy;” Mary Anderson Hardy, “The American Nurses’ Association Influence on Federal Funding for Nursing Education, 1941-1984;” Karen Buhler-Wilkerson and Julie Fairman, “Missing Data: Nurses with their Patients;” Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, “Left Carrying the Bag: Experiments in Visiting Nursing, 1877-1909;” Olga Maranjian Church, “From Custody to Community in Psychiatric Nursing;” Julie A. Fairman, “Sources and References for Research in Nursing History;” Joanne S. Stevenson, “Forging a Research Discipline;” Rozella M. Schlotfeldt, “Defining Nursing: a Historic Controversy;” and Charles Rosenberg, “Clio and Caring: an Agenda for American Historians and Nursing.”

1388 NURSING STUDIES INDEX, 1900-1960. New York: Garland, 1984. 4 vols. References to sixty years of nursing literature, indexed by Virginia Henderson and Leo Simmons.

1389 Oderkirk, Wendell W. “Setting the Record Straight: A Recount of Late Nineteenth-Century Training Schools.” JOURNAL OF NURSING HISTORY 1, no.1 (1985): 30-37.

1390 Peterson, Susan C., and Jensen, Beverly. “The Red Cross Call to Serve: The Western Response from North Dakota Nurses.” WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 21 (August 1990): 321-340.

1391 Pokorny, M.E. “An Historical Perspective of Confederate Nursing During the Civil War, 1861-1865.” NURSING RESEARCH 41, no.1 (January/February 1992): 28-32.

1392 Reverby, Susan. “`Neither for the Drawing Room Nor for the Kitchen’: Private Duty Nursing in Boston, 1873-1920.” In WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.454-466. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1393 Reverby, Susan. “Nursing and Caring: Lessons from History.” HEALTH/PAC BULLETIN 18, no.3 (Fall 1988): 20-23.

1394 Reverby, Susan. ORDERED TO CARE: THE DILEMMA OF AMERICAN NURSING 1850-1945. New York: Cambridge University Pres, 1987.

1395 Reverby, Susan. “The Search for the Hospital Yardstick: Nursing and the Rationalization of Hospital Work.” In HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA: ESSAYS IN SOCIAL HISTORY, ed. by Susan Reverby and David Rosner, pp.206-225. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979. Repr. in SICKNESS AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, pp.206-216. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt and Ronald L. Numbers. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

1396 Reverby, Susan, ed. THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN NURSING. New York: Garland, 1984. 32 vols. Facsimile reprints, including Virginia Henderson’s NURSING STUDIES INDEX.

1397 Robinson, Victor. WHITE CAPS: THE STORY OF NURSING. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1946.

1398 Sabin, Linda E. “The French Revolution: A Forgotten Era in Nursing History.” NURSING FORUM 20, no.3 (1981): 224-243.

1399 Sanner, Margaret C. TRENDS AND PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENTS IN NURSING. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1962.

1400 Schackel, Sandra K. “`The Tales Those Nurses Told!’: Public Health Nurses Among the Pueblo and Navajo Indians.” NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW 65 (April 1990): 225-250.

1401 Schultz, Jane E. “The Inhospitable Hospital: Gender and Professionalism in Civil War Medicine.” SIGNS 17 (Winter 1992): 363-392.

1402 Seigel, Peggy Brase. “She Went to War: Indiana Women Nurses in the Civil War.” INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 86 (March 1990): 1-27.

1403 Sellew, Gladys, and Nuesse, C.J. A HISTORY OF NURSING. St. Louis: Mosby, 1955. 3rd ed.

1404 Seymer, Lucy Ridgely. A GENERAL HISTORY OF NURSING. London: Faber & Faber, 1957. 4th ed.

1405 Shryock, Richard H. THE HISTORY OF NURSING AND INTERPRETATION OF THE SOCIAL AND MEDICAL FACTORS INVOLVED. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1959.

1406 Sloan, Patricia E. “Early Black Nursing Schools and Responses of Black Nurses to Their Educational Programs.” WESTERN JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES 9 (Fall 1985): 158-172.

1407 Smith, Susan L. “White Nurses, Black Midwives, and Public Health in Mississippi, 1920-1950.” NURSING HISTORY REVIEW 2 (1994): forthcoming.

1408 Spicker, Stuart F., and Gadow, Sally, eds. NURSING, IMAGES AND IDEALS: OPENING DIALOGUE WITH THE HUMANITIES. New York: Springer, 1980.

1409 Steppe, Hilde. “Nursing in the Third Reich.” HISTORY OF NURSING SOCIETY JOURNAL 3, no.4 (1991): 21-37.

1410 Stewart, Isabel M., and Austin, Anne L. A HISTORY OF NURSING, FROM ANCIENT TO MODERN TIMES. New York: Putnam, 1962. 5th ed.

1411 Stinson, Shirley, Johnson, Joy Louise, and Zilm, Glennis. HISTORY OF NURSING BEGINNING BIBLIOGRAPHY: A PROEMIAL LIST WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CANADIAN SOURCES. Edmonton, Canada: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 1992.

1412 Strong-Boag, Veronica. “Making a Difference: The History of Canada’s Nurses.” CANADIAN BULLETIN OF MEDICAL HISTORY/ BULLETIN CANADIEN D’HISTOIRE DE LA MEDECINE 8 (1991): 231-248. Review article on nursing history in Canada.

1413 Summers, Anne. ANGELS AND CITIZENS: BRITISH WOMEN AS MILITARY NURSES. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1988. Documents the formation and reform of military nursing from 1854 to the outset of World War I.

1414 Summers, Anne. “Ministering Angels.” HISTORY TODAY 39 (February 1989): 31-37. On mid-nineteenth century nursing reforms in England.

1415 Summers, Anne. “The Mysterious Demise of Sarah Gamp: The Domiciliary Nurse and Her Detractors, c.1830-1860.” VICTORIAN STUDIES 32 (Spring 1989): 365-386.

1416 Talberg, Marianne. “Nursing and Medical Care in Finland from the Eighteenth to the Late Nineteenth Century.” SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY 14, no.4 (1989): 269-284.

1417 Tomes, Nancy. “`Little World of Our Own’: The Pennsylvania Hospital Training School for Nurses, 1895-1907.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 33 (1978): 507-530. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.467-481. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1418 Veith, S. “The Beginning of Baccalaureate Nursing Education at the University of Kansas: A Midwestern Experience.” ANS – ADVANCES IN NURSING SCIENCE 12, no.4 (July 1990): 63-73.

1419 Wagner, David. “The Proletarianization of Nursing in the United States.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 10 (1980): 271-290.

1420 Wall, Barbra Mann. “Grace Under Pressure: The Nursing Sisters of the Holy Cross, 1861-1865.” NURSING HISTORY REVIEW 1 (1993): pp.71-88.

1421 Wheeler, C.E. “The American Journal of Nursing and the Socialization of a Profession, 1900-1920.” ANS – ADVANCES IN NURSING SCIENCE 7, no.2 (January 1985): 20-34.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, edited by Edward T. James et al. (3 vols., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971) lists 15 nurses and NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), includes twelve. BLACK WOMEN IN AMERICA: AN HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, edited by Darlene Clark Hine (Brooklyn: Carlson, 1993), has entries for 19 nurses.

1422 Bacot, Ada W. A CONFEDERATE NURSE: THE DIARY OF ADA W. BACOT, 1860-1863. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1993. Edited by Jean V. Berlin.

1423 Baly, Monica E. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND THE NURSING LEGACY. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

1424 Barton, Clara. THE STORY OF MY CHILDHOOD. New York: Baker & Taylor, 1907. Repr. New York: Arno, 1980.

1425 Bishop, William John, and Goldie, Sue, comps. A BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. London: Dawson’s of Pall Mall, 1962.

1426 Boyd, Nancy. THREE VICTORIAN WOMEN WHO CHANGED THEIR WORLD. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Studies of Florence Nightingale, nurse; Josephine Butler, campaigner against the Contagious Disease Acts; and Octavia Hill, social worker.

1427 Bullough, Vern L., Church, Olga Maranjian, and Stein, Alice P. AMERICAN NURSING: A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. New York: Garland, 1988.

1428 Bullough, Vern L., Bullough, Bonnie, and Stanton, Marietta P., eds. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND HER ERA: A COLLECTION OF NEW SCHOLARSHIP. Hamden, CT: Garland, 1990. (Garland reference library of social science, no.629) Nineteen papers on the life of Florence Nightingale and other nursing topics from her era.

1429 Cohen, I. Bernard. “Florence Nightingale.” SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 250, no.3 (March 1984): 128-137.

1430 Cohn, Victor. SISTER KENNY: THE WOMAN WHO CHALLENGED THE DOCTORS. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1975.

1431 Forster, Margaret. SIGNIFICANT SISTERS: THE GRASSROOTS OF ACTIVE FEMINISM. New York: Knopf, 1984. Florence Nightingale, pp.91-129.

1432 Hebert, Raymond G. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: SAINT, REFORMER, OR REBEL? Melbourne, FL: Krieger, 1981.

1433 Hine, Darlene Clark. “Mabel K. Staupers and the Integration of Black Nurses into the Armed Forces.” In WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.497-506. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1434 Hollister, Emily Jane Green, and Smith, Deborah D., ed. THE DIARY OF EMILY JANE GREEN HOLLISTER: HER NURSING EXPERIENCES, 1888-1911. Ann Arbor, MI: Historical Center for the Health Sciences at the University of Michigan, 1991.

1435 Huxley, Elspeth. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975.

1436 James, Janet W. “Isabel Hampton and the Professionalization of Nursing in the 1890s.” In THE THERAPEUTIC REVOLUTION: ESSAYS IN THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF AMERICAN MEDICINE, ed. by Morris Vogel and Charles Rosenberg, pp.201-244. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.

1437 Kaufman, Martin, Hawkins, Joellen Watson, Higgins, Loretta P., and Friedman, Alice Howell. DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN NURSING BIOGRAPHY. New York: Greenwood, 1988.

1438 Lovat, Alice Mary (Weld-Blundell) Fraser. LIFE OF THE VENERABLE LOUISE DE MARILLAC (MADEMOISELLE LE GRAS)… London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1916. Mlle Le Gras, 1591-1660, founded the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul.

1439 Marshall, Helen E. MARY ADELAIDE NUTTING: PIONEER OF MODERN NURSING. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.

1440 “Mary Eliza Mahoney, First Negro Nurse.” JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 46 (July 1954).

1441 Meredith, S. “Lavina L. Dock: Calling Nurses to Support Women’s Rights, 1907-1923.” JOURNAL OF NURSING HISTORY 3, no.1 (November 1987): 70-78. Nurse advocate for suffrage and equal rights for women.

1442 Moloney, Tess. “`The Woman Rebel’: Feminism and Margaret Sanger in 1914.” LILITH 1 (1984): 54-66.

1443 Monteiro, Lois A. “On Separate Roads: Florence Nightingale and Elizabeth Blackwell.” SIGNS 9, no.3 (Spring 1984): 520-533. Reprints and comments on letters between Nightingale and Blackwell.

1444 Nightingale, Florence, Vicinus, Martha, and Nergaard, Bea, eds. EVER YOURS, FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: SELECTED LETTERS. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

1445 Nightingale, Florence, and Rosenberg, Charles E., ed. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE ON HOSPITAL REFORM. Hamden, CT: Garland, 1988. Reprints her original works on hospitals and lying-in institutions, edited with a new introduction by Charles E. Rosenburg.

1446 Nightingale, Florence, and Goldie, Sue M., ed. “I HAVE DONE MY DUTY”: FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE IN THE CRIMEAN WAR, 1854-1858. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press, 1987. Letters written by Nightingale from military hospitals in the Crimea.

1447 Nightingale, Florence. LETTERS FROM EGYPT: A JOURNEY ON THE NILE, 1849-1850. Littleton, CO: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987.

1448 Poslusny, Susan M. “Feminist Friendships: Isabel Hampton Robb, Lavinia Lloyd Dock and Mary Adelaide Nutting.” IMAGE: JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP 21, no.2 (Summer 1989): 64-68.

1449 Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. CLARA BARTON: PROFESSIONAL ANGEL. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. Based on Barton’s diaries and other primary sources.

1450 Ropes, Hannah Anderson, and Brumgardt, John R., ed. CIVIL WAR NURSE: THE DIARY AND LETTERS OF HANNAH ROPES. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980.

1451 Rosenberg, Charles E. “Florence Nightingale on Contagion: The Hospital as Moral Universe.” In HEALING AND HISTORY: ESSAYS FOR GEORGE ROSEN, ed. by Charles E. Rosenberg, pp.116-136. New York: Science History, 1979.

1452 Strachey, Lytton. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. London: Chatto and Windus, 1938.

1453 Tayloe, Roberta Love. COMBAT NURSE: A JOURNAL OF WORLD WAR II. Santa Barbara, CA; Fithian Press, 1988. About nurses who served in the U.S. Army in Italy and North Africa.

1454 Taylor, F. C., and Cook, G. “Alberta Hunter: A Celebration in Blues (and Licensed Practical Nursing).” JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL NURSING 37, no.1 (1987): 28-31.

1455 Widerquist, Joann G. “`Dearest Friend’: The Correspondence of Colleagues Florence Nightingale and Mary Jones.” NURSING HISTORY REVIEW 1 (1993): 25-42.

1456 Wilkins, Frances. SIX GREAT NURSES: LOUISE DE MARILLAC, FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, CLARA BARTON, DOROTHY PATTERSON, EDITH CAVELL, ELIZABETH KENNY. London: Hamilton, 1962.

1457 Woodham-Smith, Cecil. LONELY CRUSADER: THE LIFE OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.

1458 Woolley, Alma S. “A Hoosier Nurse in France: The World War I Diary of Maude Frances Essig.” INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 82 (March 1986): 37-68.

Midwifery (1459-1548)

GENERAL

1459 Asgood, K., Hochstrasser, D.L., and Deuschle, K.W. “Lay Midwifery in Southern Appalachia.” ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 12 (1966): 759-770.

1460 Benedek, Thomas G. “The Changing Relationship between Midwives and Physicians during the Renaissance.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 51, no.4 (Winter 1977): 550-564.

1461 Biggs, C. Lesley. “The Case of the Missing Midwives: A History of Midwifery in Ontario from 1795-1900.” ONTARIO HISTORY 75 (March 1983): 21-35. Reprinted in DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson (New York: Routledge, 1990): pp.20-35.

1462 Boehme, Gernot. “Midwifery as Science: An Essay on the Relation Between Scientific and Everyday Knowledge.” In SOCIETY AND KNOWLEDGE: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE, ed. by Nico Stehr and Volker Meja, pp.365-385. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1984.

1463 Borst, Charlotte G. “The Training and Practice of Midwives: A Wisconsin Study.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 62, no.4 (1988): 606-627.

1464 Borst, Charlotte G. “Wisconsin’s Midwives as Working Women: Immigrant Midwives and the Limits of a Traditional Occupation, 1870-1920.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN ETHNIC HISTORY 8 (Spring 1989): 24-59.

1465 Brack, Datha Clapper. “Displaced: The Midwife by the Male Physician.” WOMEN AND HEALTH 1, no.6 (November/December 1976): 18-24. Repr. in BIOLOGICAL WOMAN – THE CONVENIENT MYTH, pp.207-226. Ed. by Ruth Hubbard, Mary Sue Henifin, and Barbara Fried. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1982.

1466 Breckinridge, Mary. “An Adventure in Midwifery: The Nurse-on- Horseback Gets a `Soon Start’ … First Days of the Frontier Nursing Service … 1926.” FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE QUARTERLY BULLETIN 60, no.3 (Winter 1985): 18-25.

1467 Breckinridge, Mary, and Ireland, B. “The Birth of the Frontier Nursing Service — The First Words, The First Steps.” FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE QUARTERLY BULLETIN 62, no.1 (Summer 1986): 3-11.

1468 Breckinridge, Mary. WIDE NEIGHBORHOODS: A STORY OF FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE. New York: Harper, 1952. Repr. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981.

1469 Brickman, Jane Pacht. “Public Health, Midwives, and Nurses, 1880-1930.” In NURSING HISTORY: NEW PERSPECTIVES, NEW POSSIBILITIES, ed. Ellen Condliffe Lagemann. New York: Teachers College Press, 1983.

1470 Campbell, Marie. FOLKS DO GET BORN. New York: Rinehart, 1946; repr. New York: Garland, 1985. Examines practices of black midwives in Georgia.

1471 Cass, Victoria B. “Female Healers in the Ming and the Lodge of Ritual and Ceremony.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY 106 (January/March 1986): 233-240. Midwives, wet nurses and healers during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) in China.

1472 Chamberlain, Mary. OLD WIVES’ TALES: THEIR HISTORY, REMEDIES, AND SPELLS. London: Virago, 1981.

1473 Cutter, Irving S., and Viets, Henry R. A SHORT HISTORY OF MIDWIFERY. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1964.

1474 DeClercq, Eugene R., and Lacroix, Richard. “The Immigrant Midwives of Lawrence: The Conflict Between Law and Culture in Early Twentieth-Century Massachusetts.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 59, no.2 (Summer 1985): 232-246.

1475 DeClercq, Eugene R., and Lacroix, Richard. “The Nature and Style of Practice of Immigrant Midwives in Early Twentieth Century Massachusetts.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 19 (Fall 1985): 113-130.

1476 DeClercq, Eugene R. “The Transformation of American Midwifery: 1975-1988.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 92, no.5 (1992): 690-694.

1477 Devitt, Neal. “The Statistical Case for the Elimination of the Midwife: Fact versus Prejudice, 1890-1935, Part I.” WOMEN AND HEALTH 4, no.1 (Spring 1979): 81-96; Part II: 4, no.2 (Summer 1979): 169-186.

1478 DeVries, Raymond G. “Midwifery and the Problem of Licensure.” RESEARCH IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH CARE 2 (1982): 77-120.

1479 DeVries, Raymond G. REGULATING BIRTH: MIDWIVES, MEDICINE AND THE LAW. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1985.

1480 Donegan, Jane B. “`Safe Delivered,’ but by Whom? Midwives and Men- midwives in Early America.” In WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.302-317. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1481 Donegan, Jane B. WOMEN AND MEN MIDWIVES: MEDICINE, MORALITY, AND MISOGYNY IN EARLY AMERICA. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1978.

1482 Donnison, Jean. “Medical Women and Lady Midwives: A Case Study in Medical and Feminist Politics.” WOMEN’S STUDIES 3, no.3 (1976): 229-250.

1483 Donnison, Jean. MIDWIVES AND MEDICAL MEN: A HISTORY OF THE STRUGGLE FOR THE CONTROL OF CHILDBIRTH. New Barnet, Herts [England]: Historical Publications, 1988. A history of midwifery and obstetrics in England, 1st ed. issued under the title: MIDWIVES AND MEDICAL MEN: A HISTORY OF INTERPROFESSIONAL RIVALRIES AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS. New York: Schoken, 1977.

1484 Dougherty, Molly C. “Southern Lay Midwives as Ritual Specialists.” New York: Plenum, 1978. WOMEN IN RITUAL AND SYMBOLIC ROLES, ed. by Judith Hoch- Smith and Anita Spring, pp.151-164.

1485 Dougherty, Molly C. “Southern Midwifery and Organized Health Care: Systems in Conflict.” MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 6 (1982): 113-126.

1486 Ehrenreich, Barbara, and English, Deirdre. WITCHES, MIDWIVES, AND NURSES: A HISTORY OF WOMEN HEALERS. New York: Feminist Press, 1973.

1487 Ferguson, James H. “Mississippi Midwives.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 5 (1950): 85-95. Provides accounts of black midwives and includes transcripts of their songs.

1488 Forbes, Thomas R. THE MIDWIFE AND THE WITCH. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.

1489 Forbes, Thomas R. “Midwifery and Witchcraft.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 17 (1962): 264-283.

1490 Gardiner, Anne Barbeau. “Elizabeth Cellier in 1688 on Envious Doctors and Heroic Midwives Ancient and Modern.” EIGHTEENTH CENTURY LIFE 14, no.1 (1990): 24-34.

1491 Greilsammer, Myriam. “The Midwife, the Priest, and the Physician: The Subjugation of Midwives in the Low Countries at the End of the Middle Ages.” JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES 22, no.2 (Fall 1991): 285-329. Includes midwives’ oaths and other primary documents.

1492 Harley, David. “Historians as Demonologists: The Myth of the Midwife- witch.” SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 3, no.1 (April 1990): 1-26. Shows how historians have been misled by taking literally the rhetoric of the witch- hunters who wrote THE HAMMER OF WITCHES (MALLEUS MALEFICARUM).

1493 Holmes, Linda Janet. “African American Midwives in the South.” In THE AMERICAN WAY OF BIRTH, ed. Pamela Eakins, pp.273-291. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.

1494 Joint Study Group of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, and International Confederation of Midwives. MATERNITY CARE IN THE WORLD: INTERNATIONAL SURVEY OF MIDWIFERY PRACTICE AND TRAINING. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1966.

1495 Jordan, Brigitte. BIRTH IN FOUR CULTURES. Montreal: Eden Press, 1978. Covers the American hospital, Dutch and Swedish midwifery, Mayan midwifery, and home births in Mexico.

1496 Kloberdanz, Timothy J. “The Daughters of Shiphrah: Folk Healers and Midwives of the Great Plains.” GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY 9 (Winter 1989): 3-12.

1497 Kobrin, Frances E. “The American Midwife Controversy: A Crisis of Professionalization.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 40 (July/Aug 1966): 350-363. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.318-326. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. Also repr. in SICKNESS AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, pp.197-205. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt and Ronald L. Numbers. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

1498 Ladd-Taylor, Molly. “Grannies and Spinsters: Midwife Education under the Sheppard-Towner Act.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 22 (Winter 1988): 255-275.

1499 Laderman, Carol C. WIVES AND MIDWIVES: CHILDBIRTH AND NUTRITION IN RURAL MALAYSIA. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Ethnographic and ecological perspectives; blood and dietary analyses; how ecology and beliefs affect childbirth.

1500 Laforce, Helene. “The Different Stages of the Elimination of Midwives in Quebec.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.36-50. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1501 Leap, Nicky, and Hunter, Billie. THE MIDWIFE’S TALE. London: Scarlet Press, 1993.

1502 Lieburg, M.J. van, and Morland, H. “Midwife Regulation, Education and Practice in the Netherlands During the Nineteenth Century.” MEDICAL HISTORY 33 (1989): 296-317.

1503 Litoff, Judy Barrett. THE AMERICAN MIDWIFE DEBATE: A SOURCEBOOK ON ITS MODERN ORIGINS. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1986.

1504 Litoff, Judy Barrett. AMERICAN MIDWIVES, 1860 TO THE PRESENT. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1978.

1505 Litoff, Judy Barrett. “The Midwife Throughout History.” JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY 27, no.6 (November 1982): 3-11.

1506 Litoff, Judy Barrett. “Midwives and History.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.443-458. New York: Garland, 1990.

1507 Malin, Maili, and Hemminki, Elina. “Midwives as Providers of Prenatal Care in Finland — Past and Present.” WOMEN & HEALTH 18, no.4 (1992): 17-34.

1508 Marshall, R.K. “17th Century Midwifery: The Treatment of Miscarriage.” NURSING MIRROR 155, no.24 (December 15, 1982): 31-36.

1509 McCool, W.F., and McCool, S.J. “Feminism and Nurse-Midwifery: Historical Overview and Current Issues.” JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY 34, no.6 (November 1989): 323-334.

1510 Mongeau, Beatrice, Smith, Harvey L., and Maney, Ann C. “The Granny Midwife: Changing Roles and Functions of a Folk Practitioner.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 66 (March 1961): 497-505.

1511 Oakley, Ann, and Houd, Susanne. HELPERS IN CHILDBIRTH: MIDWIFERY TODAY. New York: Hemisphere, 1990. Historical as well as descriptive.

1512 Perkins, Wendy. “Midwives Versus Doctors: The Case of Louise Bourgeois.” SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 3, no.2 (1988): 135-157.

1513 Perry, D.S. “The Early Midwives of Missouri.” JOURNAL OF NURSE- MIDWIFERY 28, no.6 (November 1983): 15-22.

1514 Peters, Edward. THE MAGICIAN, THE WITCH, AND THE LAW. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978.

1515 Peterson, Karen J. “Technology as a Last Resort: The Work of Lay Midwives.” SOCIAL PROBLEMS 30 (1983): 284-297.

1516 Reed, Louis S. MIDWIVES, CHIROPODISTS, AND OPTOMETRISTS: THEIR PLACE IN MEDICAL CARE. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932.

1517 Robinson, Sharon A. “A Historical Development of Midwifery in the Black Community: 1600-1940.” JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY 29 (1984): 247-250.

1518 Rothman, Barbara Katz. “Midwives in Transition: The Structure of a Clinical Revolution.” SOCIAL PROBLEMS 30 (1983): 262-71.

1519 “Royal College of Midwives Library: A Select Reading List. A History of Midwifery and the RCM.” MIDWIVES CHRONICLE 98, 1169 RCM Suppl. (June 1985): vii-viii.

1520 Sablosky, Ann H. “The Power of the Forceps: A Comparative Analysis of the Midwife — Historically and Today.” WOMEN AND HEALTH 1, no.1 (January/February 1976): 10-13.

1521 Schaffer, Ruth C. “The Health and Social Functions of Black Midwives on the Texas Brazos Bottom, 1920-1985.” RURAL SOCIOLOGY 56 (Spring 1991): 89-105.

1522 Schnorrenberg, Barbara Brandon. “Is Childbirth Any Place for a Woman? The Decline of Midwifery in Eighteenth Century England.” STUDIES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CULTURE 10 (1981): 393-408.

1523 Scholten, Catherine M. “`On the Importance of the Obstetric Art’: Changing Customs of Childbirth in America, 1760-1825.” WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY 34 (1977): 426-445. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.142-154. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1524 Scholten, Catherine M. CHILDBEARING IN AMERICAN SOCIETY, 1650-1850. New York: New York University Press, 1985.

1525 Shoemaker, M. Theopane. HISTORY OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY IN THE UNITED STATES. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1947. Repr. New York: Garland, 1984.

1526 Smith, Susan L. “White Nurses, Black Midwives, and Public Health in Mississippi, 1920-1950.” NURSING HISTORY REVIEW 2 (1994): forthcoming.

1527 Sullivan, Deborah A., and Weitz, Rose. LABOR PAINS: MODERN MIDWIVES AND HOME BIRTH. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.

1528 Susie, Debra A. IN THE WAY OF OUR GRANDMOTHERS: A CULTURAL VIEW OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY MIDWIFERY IN FLORIDA. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1988. Study of Black lay midwives.

1529 Towler, Jean, and Bramall, Joan. MIDWIVES IN HISTORY AND SOCIETY. London; Dover, NH: Croom Helm, 1986.

1530 Ulrich, Laurel T. “`The Living Mother of a Living Child’: Midwifery and Mortality in Post-Revolutionary New England.” WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY 66 (January 1989): 27-48.

1531 Waller, M.V., and Hong, O.S. “Midwifery Status and Education in Korea: Historical and Governmental Influences.” JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY 29, no.5 (September 1984): 333-337.

1532 Wiesner, Merry E. “Early Modern Midwifery: A Case Study.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S STUDIES 6 (January/February 1983): 26-43.

1533 Williams, J. Whitridge. “Medical Education and the Midwife Problem in the United States.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 58, no.1 (January 6, 1912): 1-7.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

1534 Armstrong, Penny, and Feldman, Sheryl. A MIDWIFE’S STORY. New York: Ivy Books, 1988. Recollections of a midwife in Amish country.

1535 Bell, Pegge L. “`Making Do’ with the Midwife: Arkansas’s Mamie O. Hale in the 1940s.” NURSING HISTORY REVIEW 1 (1993): 155-170.

1536 Benjamin, Louvenia Taylor, and Holmes, Linda Janet, interviewer. “Louvenia Taylor Benjamin, Southern Lay Midwife: An Interview.” SAGE: A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ON BLACK WOMEN 2, no.2 (1985): 51-54.

1537 Brooks, Juanita. “Mariah Huntsman Leavitt: Midwife of the Desert Frontier.” In FORMS UPON THE FRONTIER, ed. Austin Fife, Alta Fife, and Henry H. Glassie, pp.119-131. Logan: Utah State University Press, 1989.

1538 Buss, Fran Leeper. LA PARTERA: STORY OF A MIDWIFE. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1980. Biography of Jesusita Aragon, who became a midwife at fourteen, a community leader, and the only source of medical care in a remote area of New Mexico.

1539 Dye, Nancy Schrom. “Mary Breckinridge, the Frontier Nursing Service and the Introduction of Nurse-Midwifery in the United States.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 57, no.4 (Winter 1983): 485-507. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.327-343. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1540 Fuhrer, Charlotte. THE MYSTERIES OF MONTREAL: MEMOIRS OF A MIDWIFE. Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia Press, 1984. Originally published in 1881.

1541 Goldman, Emma. LIVING MY LIFE. New York: Knopf, 1931. Best known as an anarchist, Goldman worked as a midwife among the poor in New York City. Repr. New York: Da Capo, 1976 and Irving, CA: Reprint Services, 1991. 2 vol.

1542 Hales, David A. “`There Goes Mathilda’: Millard County Midwife and Nurse.” UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 55 (Summer 1987): 278-293.

1543 Kennedy, Joan E. “Jane Soley Hamilton, Midwife.” NOVA SCOTIA HISTORICAL REVIEW 2 (1982): 6-29.

1544 Kursch, Daisy Estes. “Beulah Brinton of Bay View.” MILWAUKEE HISTORY 10, no.2 (1987): 38-46. Wisconsin social activist and midwife.

1545 Logan, Onnie Lee as told to Katherine Clark. MOTHER WIT: AN ALABAMA MIDWIFE’S STORY. New York: Dutton, 1989. Autobiography of a Black “granny” midwife, who delivered babies from 1925 to 1984.

1546 Paradis, Roger. “Henriette, La Capuche: The Portrait of a Frontier Midwife.” CANADIAN FOLKLORE 3, no.2 (1981): 10-26.

1547 Ulrich, Laurel T. A MIDWIFE’S TALE: THE LIFE OF MARTHA BALLARD, BASED ON HER OWN RECORD OF HER WORK IN HALLOWELL AND AUGUSTA, MAINE, 1785-1812. New York: Knopf, distr. Random House, 1990.

1548 Whitehouse, Eula. “Sophia Hamman, an Early Texas Midwife and Herbalist.” FIELD LABORATORY 13 (1945): 70-72.

Medical Research (1549-1600)

Included here are studies on women who have been associated with human physiology, cytology, and other fields of medical research.

GENERAL

1549 Alsop, Gulielma Fell. HISTORY OF THE WOMAN’S MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, 1850-1950. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1950. For most of the century, this was the only medical school in which women could be full professors of physiology and chairs of the department.

1550 Appel, Toby A., Cassidy, Marie M., and Tidball, M. Elizabeth. “Women in Physiology.” In HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY: THE FIRST CENTURY, 1887-1987, ed. by John R. Brobeck, Orr E. Reynolds, and Toby A. Appel, pp.381-390. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1987. The history of women’s participation in the APS, emphasizing the progress of the 1970s.

1551 Fenn, Wallace O. HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY: THE THIRD QUARTER CENTURY, 1937-1962. Washington: American Physiological Society, 1963. See pp.65-67.

1552 Howell, William H., and Greene, Charles W. HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY: SEMICENTENNIAL, 1887-1937. Baltimore, MD: American Physiological Society, 1938. See pp.70-71.

1553 Marshall, Louise H. “The Facts of Life.” PHYSIOLOGIST 8, no.2 (May 1965): 64-66. Statistics on supply and demand for physiologists, broken down by sex.

1554 Tidball, M. Elizabeth. “Brief History of Task Force on Women in Physiology.” PHYSIOLOGIST 23, no.5 (October 1980): 12-13.

1555 Tidball, M. Elizabeth. “Report of the Task Force on Women in Physiology.” PHYSIOLOGIST 17, no.2 (May 1974): 135-137.

1556 Tidball, M. Elizabeth. “Women in the Biosciences – A Brief Primer.” PHYSIOLOGIST 18, no.1 (February 1975): 31-36.

1557 “Women in Physiology.” PHYSIOLOGIST 23, no.6 (December 1980): 25-26.

1558 “Women in Physiology.” PHYSIOLOGIST 24, no.3 (June/July 1981): 45-46.

1559 “Women in Physiology.” PHYSIOLOGIST 26, no.3 (June 1983): 135-136.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

NOTE: NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN: THE MODERN PERIOD, edited by Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), lists seventeen women under “Medicine–Researchers.” WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH, edited by Patricia Joan Siegel and Kay Thomas Finley (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1985), has five “Medical Scientists–Physiologists”: Caroline Wormeley Latimer, Ida Henrietta Hyde, Edith Jane Claypole, Anne Moore, and Judith Graham Pool.

1560 Allison, Truett, and Wood, Charles C. “Gasser and Graham and Spinal Cord Electrophysiology.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY : REGULATORY, INTEGRATIVE, AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 14, no.6 (December 1983): R751-R754. Discusses the work of Helen Tredway Graham.

1561 Bensley, E. H. “Sir William Osler and Mabel Purefoy Fitzgerald.” PHYSIOLOGIST 21, no.2 (April 1978): 17-18.

1562 Berg, Raissa L. ACQUIRED TRAITS: MEMORIES OF A GENETICIST FROM THE SOVIET UNION. New York: Viking Penguin, 1990.

1563 Brinkhous, K. M. “Judith Graham Pool, Ph.D. (1919-1975): An Appreciation.” THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS 35 (April 1976): 269-271.

1564 Brush, Stephen G. “Nettie M. Stevens and the Discovery of Sex Determination by Chromosomes.” ISIS 69, no.247 (June 1978): 163-172.

1565 Corner, George W. GEORGE HOYT WHIPPLE AND HIS FRIENDS: THE LIFE STORY OF A NOBEL PRIZE PATHOLOGIST. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1963. Includes information on Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins, Whipple’s chief assistant

1566 Farnes, Patricia. “Women in Medical Science.” In WOMEN OF SCIENCE: RIGHTING THE RECORD, ed. by G. Kass-Simon & Patricia Farnes, pp.268-299. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990.

1567 Fee, Elizabeth, and Rodman, Anne Clark. “Janet Howell Clark: Physiologist and Biophysicist (1889-1969).” PHYSIOLOGIST 28, no.5 (October 1985): 397-400.

1568 Fetterman, George H. “Maud L. Menton (1879-1960).” PERSPECTIVES IN PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY 1, no.1 (Spring 1984): 5-7.

1569 Goldfeder, Anna. “An Overview of Fifty Years of Cancer Research.” CANCER RESEARCH 36, no.1 (January 1976): 1-9. Autobiography.

1570 Goodfield, June. AN IMAGINED WORLD: A STORY OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. New York: Harper & Row, 1981. An intimate portrait of five years in the life of a cancer researcher.

1571 Guttman, Rita. “Biographical Notice – Caroline tum Suden.” PHYSIOLOGIST 23, no.6 (December 1980): 25-26.

1572 Hamburger, Viktor. “Hilde Mangold, Co-Discoverer of the Organizer.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 17, no.1 (Spring 1984): 1-11. Mangold researched embryonic differentiation.

1573 Harvey, A. McGehee. “A New School of Anatomy: The Story of Franklin P. Mall, Florence R. Sabin, and John B. MacCallum.” JOHNS HOPKINS MEDICAL JOURNAL 136, no.2 (February 1975): 83-84.

1574 Haywood, Charlotte. “A Scientific Heritage.” MOUNT HOLYOKE ALUMNI QUARTERLY 43, no.3 (Fall 1959): 122-125. Personal reflections on the history of physiology and biology at Mount Holyoke.

1575 Hyde, Ida H. “Before Women Were Human Beings: Adventures of an American Fellow in German Universities of the ’90s.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN 31 (1938): 226-236. Autobiographical reminiscences of the 1890s.

1576 Johnson, Elsie Ernest. “Ida Henrietta Hyde: Early Experiments.” PHYSIOLOGIST 24, no.6 (December 1981): 10-11.

1577 Kampmeier, R. H. “Ann Stone Minot (1894-1980): Clinical Chemist and Teacher.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 32 (1986): 1602-1609.

1578 Kampmeier, R. H. “Ann Stone Minot: Vanderbilt Teacher and Clinical Chemist, 1894-1980.” NUTRITION HISTORY NOTES 24 (Fall 1985): 1-6.

1579 Kohler, Robert E. “Innovation in Normal Science: Bacterial Physiology.” ISIS 76, no.282 (June 1985): 162-181.” Treats the career of Marjorie Stephenson.

1580 Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory. “Physiological Lectures for Women: Sara Coates in Ohio, 1850.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 33, no.1 (January 1978): 75-81.

1581 Kubie, Lawrence S. “Florence Rena Sabin.” PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 4 (1961): 306-315.

1582 Levi-Montalcini, Rita. IN PRAISE OF IMPERFECTION: MY LIFE AND WORK. New York: Basic Books, 1988. Autobiography of an Italian-Jewish Holocaust survivor, who became a medical researcher, emigrated to the U.S., and shared the 1986 Nobel prize in medicine. Translated by Luigi Attardi.

1583 Levi-Montalcini, Rita. “Reflections on a Scientific Adventure.” In WOMEN SCIENTISTS: THE ROAD TO LIBERATION, ed. by Derek Richter, pp.99-117. London: Macmillan, 1982.

1584 Long, C. N. H. “In Memoriam: Jane A. Russell.” ENDOCRINOLOGY 81, no.4 (October 1967): 689-692.

1585 McCoy, Joseph J. THE CANCER LADY: MAUD SLYE AND HER HEREDITARY STUDIES. Nashville: Nelson, 1977.

1586 Meites, Samuel. “Willey Glover Denis (1879-1929), Pioneer Woman of Clinical Chemistry.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 31 (1985): 774-778.

1587 Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey, and Choquette, Clifford J. “Nettie Maria Stevens (1861-1912): Her Life and Contributions to Cytogenetics.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 125 (1981): 292-311.

1588 Okey, Ruth. “Agnes Fay Morgan (1884-1968): A Biographical Sketch.” JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 104, no.9 (September 1974): 1101-1107.

1589 Phelan, Mary Kay. PROBING THE UNKNOWN: THE STORY OF DR. FLORENCE SABIN. New York: Dell, 1976. Reprint of 1969 Crowell edition.

1590 THE PHYSICIANS OF THE MAYO CLINIC AND THE MAYO FOUNDATION. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1937. See brief biographies of Winifred Mayer Ashby (pp.57-57), Julia F. Herrick (pp.611-612), Grace M. Roth (pp.1208-1209), Irene Sandiford (pp.1233-1234).

1591 Root, Eliza H. “Frances Emily White, M.D.” WOMAN’S MEDICAL JOURNAL 14, no.5 (May 1904): 97-99.

1592 Roscher, Nina M., and Nguyen, Chinh K. “Helen M. Dyer: A Pioneer in Cancer Research.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 63 (1986): 253-255.

1593 Rossiter, Margaret W. “Florence Sabin: Election to the N.A.S.” AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER 39, no.9 (November 1977): 484-486, 494.

1594 Schmidt-Nielson, Bodil. “August and Marie Krogh and Respiratory Physiology.” JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 54, no.2 (1984): 293-303. Biographical account by Marie Krogh’s daughter, herself a physiologist.

1595 Seibert, Florence B. PEBBLES ON THE HILL OF A SCIENTIST. St. Petersburg, FL: 1968. Autobiography of a biochemist.

1596 Tepperman, Jay. “Jane Anne Russell (Wilhelmi).” PHYSIOLOGIST 10, no.4 (November 1967): 443-444.

1597 A TRIBUTE TO LILIAN WELSH. Baltimore: Goucher College, 1938. 42-page collection includes pieces by physiologists Jessie L. King and Florence Sabin.

1598 Tucker, Gail S. “Ida Henrietta Hyde: The First Woman Member of the Society.” PHYSIOLOGIST 24, no.6 (December 1981): 1-9.

1599 Welsh, Lilian. REMINISCENCES OF THIRTY YEARS IN BALTIMORE. Baltimore: Norman, Remington Co., 1925.

1600 Windholz, George. “Three Researchers in Pavlov’s Laboratories.” NWSA JOURNAL 1 (Spring 1989): 491-496. Nadezhda A. Kashereninova, Nataliia R. Shenger-Krestovnikova, and Mariia K. Petrova.

Pharmacy (1601-1639)

1601 American Pharmaceutical Association Task Force on Women in Pharmacy. WOMEN IN PHARMACY: FINAL REPORT. Washington, DC: The Association, 1981. Includes bibliography.

1602 Austin, Jo Ellen, and Smith, Mickey C. “Women in Hospital Pharmacy — A Study in Eight States.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 28 (1971): 26-36.

1603 Bardell, Eunice Bonow. “America’s Only School of Pharmacy for Women.” PHARMACY IN HISTORY 26 (1984): 127-133. Louisville School of Pharmacy for Women, founded in 1884.

1604 Bardell, Eunice Bonow. “Women in Early Twentieth Century Pharmacy.” PHARMACY IN HISTORY 33, no.3 (1991): 124-130.

1605 Benhamou, Reed. “Verdigris and the Entrepreneuse.” TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE 25 (1984): 171-181. In the Middle Ages women in the south of France grew verdigris, an ingredient of pharmaceuticals and coloring agents.

1606 Berg, Mary J., and Fuller, Janice K., eds. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, WOMEN IN PHARMACY: LONDON, ENGLAND, JUNE 21-27, 1987. Wilmington, DE: ICI Americas, 1990.

1607 Conroy, Mary Schaeffer. “Women Pharmacists in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Russia.” PHARMACY IN HISTORY 29, no.4 (1987): 155-164.

1608 Conroy, Mary Schaeffer. “Women Pharmacists in Russia Before World War I: Women’s Emancipation, Feminism, Professionalization, Nationalism and Class Conflict.” In WOMEN AND SOCIETY IN RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION, ed. Linda Edmondson, pp.48-76. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

1609 Culp, Robert W. “The Education, Career Opportunities, and Status of American Women Pharmacists to 1900, Including a Directory.” TRANSACTIONS AND STUDIES OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA 41 (1974): 211-227.

1610 Curran, Frances F., ed. COMPOUNDING WAS MORE FUN: LIFE EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN OF LAMBDA KAPPA SIGMA, THE INTERNATIONAL PHARMACY FRATERNITY, 1913-1938-1988. 1988.

1611 Gallagher, Teresa Catherine. “From Family Helpmeet to Independent Professional: Women in American Pharmacy, 1870-1940.” PHARMACY IN HISTORY 31., no.2 (1989): 60-77.

1612 Gombos, A. “Women and Pharmacy – A View From Norway.” JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS 16, no.1 (1991): 1-5.

1613 Griffenhagen, George. “Who Was the First Woman Pharmacist in America?” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION 13 (1973): 637.

1614 Henderson, Metta Lou, and Keeney, Tammy Lyn. “Women in Pharmacy Education: The Pioneers.” AMERICAN PHARMACY 28, no.5 (May 1988): 24-27.

1615 Henderson, Metta Lou, and Keeney, Tammy Lyn. “Women Pharmacy Faculty.” AMERICAN PHARMACY 28 (May 1988): 18-22.

1616 Higby, Gregory J. with Teresa C. Gallagher. “Pharmacists.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, IN MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.497-516. New York: Garland, 1990.

1617 Hoch, J.H., and Hoch, Q. “Mrs. Masters and Her Tuscarora Rice.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION 4 (1963): 577-580.

1618 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION NS 13, no.11 (November 1973); Special Issue: “Women Pharmacists.” CONTENTS: George B. Griffenhagen, “Woman Power;” Kenneth W. Kirk and Richard A. Ohvall, “Women in Pharmacy-Gratification or Discrimination?,” and, “Practice Patterns of Women Pharmacists;” Patricia M. Schwirian, “Sex and Age Factors in the Occupational Roles of Ohio’s Practicing Pharmacists;” Rosalia H. Tash, W. Michael Dickson and Christopher A. Rodowskas, Jr., “Women in the Professional Work Force;” Robert M. Gray and Herbert L. Gleason, “Acceptance of Female Pharmacists by the Public;” W. Michael Dickson and Christopher A. Rodowskas, Jr., “Women in Pharmacy-Projections for the Future.” “Women in Pharmacy in Alaska,” “Who Was the First Woman Pharmacist in America?” and “South Carolina Women in Pharmacy.”

1619 Kirk, Kenneth W., and Ohvall, Richard. “Sex Differences in Pharmacy Student Career Planning and Aspirations.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 39 (February 1975): 37-40.

1620 Kirk, Kenneth W. “Women in Male-Dominated Professions.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 39 (1982): 2089-2093.

1621 Kirk, Kenneth W., and Shepard, Marvin D. “Women in Pharmacy-Where Are We Now?” AMERICAN PHARMACY 23, no.2 (February 1983): 19-21.

1622 Kronus, Carol L. “Women in Pharmacy: Trends, Implications, and Research Needs.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION 17 (1977): 674.

1623 Lambda Kappa Sigma. LAMBDA KAPPA SIGMA CELEBRATES SEVENTY FIVE YEARS: THE HISTORY OF A FRATERNITY FOR WOMEN IN PHARMACY, 1913-1988. 1988.

1624 Matuszak, Alice Jean. “History of Women in Pharmacy.” LKS BLUE AND GOLD TRIANGLE (1986): 4-7.

1625 Michel, Beth Angeline. “The Call for Lady Pharmacists.” PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 45, no.2 (February 1912): 149-150.

1626 O’Brien, William P. “Women in Pharmacy.” LOUISIANA PHARMACIST (January 1970): 12-13.

1627 Pabis-Braunstein, M. “The First Polish Women Pharmacists.” PHARMACY IN HISTORY 31, no.1 (1989): 12-15.

1628 Sanders, Jonathan Edward. “Drugs and Revolution: Moscow Pharmacists in the First Russian Revolution.” RUSSIAN REVIEW 44, no.4 (1985): 351-377. Russian women found careers in pharmacy an opportunity to escape traditional roles.

1629 Shellard, E.J. “Some Early Women Research Workers in British Pharmacy, 1886-1912.” PHARMACEUTICAL HISTORIAN 12, no.2 (1982): 2-3.

1630 Shepherd, Marvin D., and Proctor, Kurt A. “Women and Pharmacy Ownership.” AMERICAN PHARMACY 28, no.5 (May 1988): 28-36.

1631 Sonnedecker, Glenn. “Women as Pharmacy Students in 19th-Century America.” In DIE SCHELENZ-STIFTUNG II 1954 BIS 1972, ed. H. H gel and W.-H. Hein, pp.135-141. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1973.

1632 Steib, Ernst W., Coulas, Gail C., and Ferguson, Joyce A. “Women in Ontario Pharmacy, 1867-1927. In Commemoration of the Centenary of the First Admission of Women to the University of Toronto, 1984-85.” PHARMACY IN HISTORY 28 (1986): 125-134.

1633 Stieb, E.W., Coulas, Gail C., and Ferguson, Joyce A. “Women in Ontario Pharmacy, 1867-1927.” In DESPITE THE ODDS: ESSAYS ON CANADIAN WOMEN AND SCIENCE, ed. by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, pp.121-133. Montreal: Vehicule Press, 1990.

1634 Wakeman, Nellie A. “Women in Pharmacy.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 1 (1937): 146-150.

1635 Wallace, Emma Gary. “Women in Pharmacy.” PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 45 (1912) Began in 1912 as monthly installments on the history of women as healers, from mythology and Biblical texts to extensive career histories and quotes from women pharmacists of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. In vol.46 (1913), the column continued as news and information about and for women pharmacists and included many profiles of women then in the field.

1636 Ward, Patricia Spain. “Hygeia’s Sisters: A History of Women in Pharmacy.” CADUCEUS: A MUSEUM QUARTERLY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES 4, no.3/4 (Autumn/Winter 1988): 1-57.

1637 Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Association. Women’s Auxiliary. THE PATH WE HAVE TROD, 1892-1952: A HISTORY OF WOMEN’S AUXILARY OF THE WISCONSIN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. Milwaukee: The Auxilary, 1952.

1638 Wolfgang, Alan P., and Kirk, Kenneth W. ABSTRACTS OF ARTICLES WRITTEN ABOUT WOMEN IN PHARMACY. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1981.

1639 “Women in Pharmacy.” MEYER BROTHERS DRUGGIST During the 1890’s, the editor invited readers to contribute to the column “Women in Pharmacy,” which included opinions on the presence of women in the profession, biographies of women pharmacists, and news briefs on women in pharmacy and medicine. The column appears particularly often in volumes 13 & 14 (1892-93). Title of the periodical varies: MEYER DRUGGIST, DRUGGIST, ST. LOUIS DRUG MARKET.

Other Health Professions (1640-1678)

This section includes material on women in public health, health administration, dental hygiene, occupational therapy, medical technology, rehabilitation, chiropractic, homeopathy, and family planning.

GENERAL

1640 Ballweg, R. “The Impact of Women on the PA Profession.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PHYSICAN ASSISTANTS 5, no.9 (October 1992): 689-694.

1641 Barker, J.T. “Women as Leaders in the Field of Rehabilitation.” JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION 48, no.1 (January-March 1982): 9-18,68-70.

1642 Barlow, William, and Powell, David O. “A Case for Medical Coeducation in the 1870s.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 35 (1980): 285-8. Gender issues in homeopathy education.

1643 Colman, W. “The Curriculum Directors: Influencing Occupational Therapy Education, 1948-1964.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 44, no.4 (April 1990): 357-362. The curriculum directors were a group of women influential in the development of occupational therapy in the 1950s.

1644 Dempsey-Polan, L. “Women: Once and Future Leaders in Health Administration.” HOSPITAL & HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 33, no.1 (Spring 1988): 89-98. Includes an historical view of women in health services leadership positions.

1645 Dunn, S. “How Women Have Changed EMS– and Vice Versa.” EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES 19, no.8 (August 1990): 13, 15-16.

1646 Fee, Elizabeth, and Greene, Barbara. “Science and Social Reform: Women in Public Health.” JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY 10 (1989): 161-177.

1647 Fee, Elizabeth, and Korstad, Robert R. “Women Health Workers: Past and Present.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 82 (February 1992): 165-166.

1648 Frank, G. “Opening Feminist Histories of Occupational Therapy.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 46, no.11 (November 1992): 989-999.

1649 Gromala, Theresa. “Women in Chiropractic: Exploring a Tradition of Equity in Healing.” CHIROPRACTIC HISTORY 3, no.1 (1983): 59-63.

1650 Hamilton, W. Alexander, and Hamilton, Penny R. “Sex and the Dental Practice: A Reinterpretation of the History of Dental Hygienists.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF DENTISTRY 28 (October 1980): 64-68.

1651 Hamlin, R.B. “Embracing Our Past, Informing Our Future: A Feminist Re-vision of Health Care.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 46, no.11 (November 1992): 1028-1035. Discusses the history of occupational therapy from a feminist perspective.

1652 Jones, Helen. “Women Health Workers: The Case of the First Women Factory Inspectors in Britain.” SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 1, no.2 (August 1988): 165-182.

1653 Litterst, T.A. “Occupational Therapy: The Role of Ideology in the Development of a Profession for Women.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 46, no.1 (January 1992): 20-25.

1654 Loomis, B. “The Henry B. Favill School of Occupations and Eleanor Clarke Slagle.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 46, no.1 (January 1992): 34-37. An occupational therapy program in existence from 1915-1920.

1655 Low, J.F. “The Reconstruction Aides.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 46, no.1 (January 1992): 38-43. Civilian women who served in World War I had an influential role in the development of occupational therapy.

1656 McIntyre, E. “Dental Hygiene: The Consequences of a Feminized Profession.” PROBE 23, no.4 (Winter 1989): 186-189.

1657 Motley, Wilma. “The Movement for Independent Practice of Dental Hygienists: From Evolution to Revolution.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF DENTISTRY 36 (1988): 108-19.

1658 Ostergard, D.R., Gunning, J.E., and Marshall, J.R. “Training and Function of a Women’s Health-Care Specialist, a Physician’s Assistant, or Nurse Practitioner in Obstetrics and Gynecology.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY 121, no.8 (April 15, 1975): 1029-1037. Includes brief discussion of historical development of women’s health care specialists.

1658a Peloquin, S.M. “Occupational Therapy Service: Individual and Collective Understandings of the Founders.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 45, no.4 (April 1991): 352-360. Part I. Part II: 45, no.8 (August 1991): 733-744. Discusses personal narratives of the founders of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy in early occupational therapy literature. Women included: Susan Elizabeth Tracy, Eleanor Clarke Slagle, and Susan Cox Johnson.

1659 Thorngate, Alice A. THAT FAR HORIZON: THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON, 1925-1975. Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1983.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

1660 Chesler, Ellen. WOMAN OF VALOR: MARGARET SANGER AND THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT IN AMERICA. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

1661 Coigney, Virginia. MARGARET SANGER: REBEL WITH A CAUSE. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969.

1662 Curthoys, Ann. “Eugenics, Feminism and Birth Control: The Case of Marion Piddington.” HECATE 15, no.1 (1989): 73-89. A sex educator and proponent of birth control, eugenics and “celibate motherhood” (artifical insemination).

1663 Douglas, Emily Taft. MARGARET SANGER: PIONEER OF THE FUTURE. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970.

1664 Edwards, Margot, and Waldorf, Mary. RECLAIMING BIRTH: HISTORY AND HEROINES OF AMERICAN CHILDBIRTH REFORM. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1984.

1665 Fitzpatrick, Ellen F., ed. KATHARINE BEMENT DAVIS, EARLY TWENTIETH- CENTURY AMERICAN WOMEN, AND THE STUDY OF SEX BEHAVIOR: AN ANTHOLOGY. New York: Garland, 1987.

1666 Gray, Madeline. MARGARET SANGER: A BIOGRAPHY OF THE CHAMPION OF BIRTH CONTROL. New York: R. Marek, 1979.

1667 Hall, Ruth. PASSIONATE CRUSADER: THE LIFE OF MARIE STOPES. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.

1668 Jones, Greta. “Marie Stopes in Ireland: The Mother’s Clinic in Belfast.” THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 5, no.2 (August 1992): 255-278.

1669 Jones, J.L. “Early Occupational Therapy in Wisconsin: Elizabeth Upham Davis and Milwaukee-Downer College.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 42, no.8 (August 1988): 527-533.

1670 Kennedy, David M. BIRTH CONTROL IN AMERICA: THE CAREER OF MARGARET SANGER. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970. Emphasizes Sanger’s public career rather than her personal life, and the birth control movement between 1912 and World War II.

1671 Love, Rosaleen. “`Alice in Eugenics-Land’: Feminism and Eugenics in the Scientific Careers of Alice Lee and Ethel Elderton.” ANNALS OF SCIENCE 36 (1979): 145-158.

1672 Masel-Walters, Lynne. “For the Poor Mute Mothers?: Margaret Sanger and `The Woman Rebel’.” JOURNALISM HISTORY 11 (Spring/Summer 1984): 3-4+.

1673 Moloney, Tess. “`The Woman Rebel’: Feminism and Margaret Sanger in 1914.” LILITH 1 (1984): 54-66.

1674 Moore, Gloria, and Moore, Ronald. MARGARET SANGER AND THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT: A BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1911-1984. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1986. Over 1,300 citations, mostly with annotations.

1675 Perry, J.W. “The 1991 Mary E. Switzer Lecture: Racing Ahead of Her Time — The Legacy of Mary E. Switzer.” JOURNAL OF ALLIED HEALTH 21, no.1 (Winter 1992): 11-21. Rehabilitation specialist.

1676 Plasky, Marvin. “Advertising Abortion During the 1830s and 1840s: Madame Restell Builds a Business.” JOURNALISM HISTORY 13, no.2 (1986): 49-55.

1677 Rose, June. MARIE STOPES AND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION. Boston, MA: Faber and Faber, 1992.

1678 Sanger, Margaret. MARGARET SANGER: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY. New York: Norton, 1938; repr. New York: Dover, 1971.

Domestic Healing and Other Lay Practices (1679-1719)

Here are listed works on women healers, health reformers, charismatics, chiropractors, and purveyors of patent remedies.

GENERAL

1679 Allured, Janet L. “Women’s Healing Art: Domestic Medicine in the Turn-of-the-Century Ozarks.” GATEWAY HERITAGE 12 (Spring 1992): 20-31.

1680 Butler, Jonathon M. “Witchcraft, Healing, and Historian’s Crazes.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 18 (Fall 1984): 111-118.

1681 Davies, Celia. “The Health Visitor as Mother’s Friend: A Woman’s Place in Public Health, 1900-1914.” SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 1, no.1 (April 1988): 39-59.

1682 Fink, Leon, and Greenberg, Brian. UPHEAVAL IN THE QUIET ZONE: A HISTORY OF HOSPITAL WORKERS’ UNION, LOCAL 1199. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

1683 Gartrell, Ellen G. “Women Healers and Domestic Remedies in 18th Century America: The Recipe Book of Elizabeth Coates Paschall.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 87 (1987): 23-29.

1684 Hughes, Muriel Joy. WOMEN HEALERS IN MEDIEVAL LIFE AND LITERATURE. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1943. Repr. New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1968.

1685 Jaskoski, Helen. “`My Heart Will Go Out’: Healing Songs of Native American Women.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S STUDIES 4 (1981): 118-34.

1686 Kloberdanz, Timothy J. “The Daughters of Shiphrah: Folk Healers and Midwives of the Great Plains.” GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY 9 (Winter 1989): 3-12.

1687 Koss-Chioino, Joan. WOMEN AS HEALERS, WOMEN AS PATIENTS: MENTAL HEALTH CARE AND TRADITIONAL HEALING IN PUERTO RICO. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991.

1688 McClain, Carol Shepherd. WOMEN AS HEALERS: CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

1689 Minkowski, William L. “Women Healers of the Middle Ages: Selected Aspects of Their History.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 82, iss.2 (February 1992): 288-295.

1690 Morantz, Regina Markell. “Making Women Modern: Middle-Class Women and Health Reform in 19th-Century America.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 10 (1977): 490-507. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.346-358. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1691 Morantz, Regina Markell. “Nineteenth Century Health Reform and Women: A Program of Self-Help.” In MEDICINE WITHOUT DOCTORS: HOME HEALTH CARE IN AMERICAN HISTORY, ed. by Guenter B. Risse, Ronald L. Numbers, and Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.73-93. New York: Science History Publications/USA, 1977.

1692 Peterson, Susan C. “Adapting to Fill a Need: The Presentation Sisters and Health Care, 1901-1961.” SOUTH DAKOTA HISTORY 17 (Spring 1987): 1-22.

1693 Quiroga, Virginia A. Metaxas. “Female Lay Managers and Scientific Pediatrics at Nursery and Child’s Hospital, 1854-1910.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 60 (Summer 1986): 194-208. On women members of Boards of Trustees.

1694 Riddett, Lyn. “Sisters, Wives, and Mothers: Settler Women as Healers and Preservers of Health in the N.T. During the 1930s.” HECATE 15, no.2 (1989): 7-22.

1695 Sacks, Karen. CARING BY THE HOUR: WOMEN, WORK AND ORGANIZING AT DUKE MEDICAL CENTER. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988. The relationships among class, gender, and race of hospital workers.

1696 Salazar, Sandra A. “Chicanas as Healers.” In LA CHICANA: BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE, AN ACTION PLAN FOR THE 80S, pp.107-119. Oakland, CA: National Hispanic University, 1981.

1697 Sawyer, Ronald C. “Strangely Handled in All Her Lyms’: Witchcraft and Healing in Jacobean England.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 22 (Spring 1989): 461-485.

1698 Schilz, Thomas, and Schilz, Jodye Lynn Dickson. “Amazons, Witches and `Country Wives’: Plains Indian Women in Historical Perspective.” ANNALS OF WYOMING 59, no.1 (1987): 48-56.

1699 Sharp, Sharon A. “Folk Medicine Practices: Women as Keepers and Carriers of Knowledge.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 9, no.3 (1986): 243-249. On midwives, herbalists and spiritual healers in the Ozarks, Appalachia, and the South.

1700 Vrettos, Athena. “Curative Domains: Women, Healing and History in Black Women’s Narratives.” WOMEN’S STUDIES 16, nos. 3/4 (1989): 455-473.

BIOGRAPHIES AND STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS

1701 Blake, John B. “Mary Gove Nichols, Prophetess of Health.” AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS 106 (1962): 219-234. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.359-375. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1702 Butler, Jonathan M., and Schoepflin, Rennie B. “Charismatic Women and Health: Mary Baker Eddy, Ellen G. White, and Aimee Semple McPherson.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.337-365. New York: Garland, 1990.

1703 Cooter, Roger. “Dichotomy and Denial: Mesmerism, Medicine and Harriet Martineau.” In SCIENCE AND SENSIBILITY: GENDER AND SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, 1780-1945, ed. by Marina Benjamin, pp.144-173. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.

1704 Davis, Dona L. “George Beard and Lydia Pinkham: Gender, Class, and Nerves in Late 19th Century America.” HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 10, 2/3 (1989): 93-114. Discusses the feminization of nervous disorders.

1705 Flanagan, Sabina. HILDEGARD OF BINGEN, 1098-1179: A VISIONARY LIFE. New York: Routledge, 1989. 1706 Halsband, Robert. “Lady Mary Wortley Montague and Inoculation.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 8 (1953): 390-405. British public health reformer, 1689-1762.

1707 Himelhoch, Myra Samuels, and Shaffer, Arthur H. “Elizabeth Packard: Nineteenth Century Crusader for the Rights of Mental Patients.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN STUDIES 13 (1979): 343-375.

1708 Jackson, Donald Dale. “If Women Needed a Quick Pick-Me-Up, Lydia Provided One.” SMITHSONIAN 15 (July 1984): 107-119. On Lydia Pinkham.

1709 Keller, Allen. SCANDALOUS LADY: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF MADAME RESTELL, NEW YORK’S MOST NOTORIOUS ABORTIONIST. New York: Atheneum, 1981.

1710 Maxwell, Margaret F. “Cordelia Adams Crawford of the Tonto Basin.” JOURNAL OF ARIZONA HISTORY 26, no.4 (1985): 415-428. Pioneer woman with reputation as a healer among whites and Apaches.

1711 McLoughlin, William G. “Aimee Semple McPherson: `Your Sister in the King’s Glad Service.'” JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE 1 (1967): 193-217.

1712 Miller, Genevieve. “Putting Lady Mary [Montague] in Her Place: A Discussion of Historical Causation.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 55 (1981): 2-16.

1713 Numbers, Ronald L., and Schoepflin, Rennie B. “Ministries of Healing: Mary Baker Eddy, Ellen G. White, and the Religion of Health.” In WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.376-389. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1714 Numbers, Ronald L. PROPHETESS OF HEALTH: ELLEN G. WHITE AND THE ORIGIN OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST HEALTH REFORM. 1992. White was a founder of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church and a health reformer interested in vegetarianism, hydropathy, and the building of sanitariums. This is a revised and enlarged edition of PROPHETESS OF HEALTH: A STUDY OF ELLEN G. WHITE (1976), with a new psychological profile co-authored by Janet S. Numbers, and an introduction by Jonathan M Butler.

1715 Stage, Sarah. FEMALE COMPLAINTS: LYDIA PINKHAM AND THE BUSINESS OF WOMEN’S MEDICINE. New York: Norton, 1979.

1716 Stepsis, M. Ursula, and Liptak, Dolores, eds. PIONEER HEALERS: THE HISTORY OF WOMEN RELIGIOUS IN AMERICAN HEALTH CARE. New York: Crossroad, 1989.

1717 Strehlow, Wighard, and Hertzka, Gottfried. HILDEGARD OF BINGEN’S MEDICINE. Santa Fe, NM: Bear & Co., 1987. Biography of St. Hildegard (1098-1179).

1718 Strohl, E. Lee. “The Fascinating Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, 1689-1792.” ARCHIVES OF SURGERY 89 (1964): 554-558. Public health innovator, advocate of smallpox inoculation.

1719 Washburn, Robert Collyer. THE LIFE AND TIMES OF LYDIA E. PINKHAM. New York: Putnam, 1931. Repr. New York: Arno, 1976.

Gynecology & Traditional Practice of Obstetrics (1720-1815)

This section covers the history of women as patients of gynecologists and obstetricians, the history of those professions, and biographies of prominent male practitioners. How menstruation, menopause, and female illnesses were treated and surgery performed on women are also addressed. For additional citations on birth control and women’s experiences in childbirth, see the next section, REPRODUCTION.

1720 Abbott, Devon Irene. “Medicine for the Rosebuds: Health Care at the Cherokee Female Seminary, 1876-1909.” AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURE AND RESEARCH JOURNAL 12 (1988): 59-71.

1721 Antler, Joyce, and Fox, Daniel M. “The Movement Toward a Safe Maternity: Physician Accountablility in New York City, 1915-1940.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 50, no.4 (Winter 1976): 569-595. Repr. in SICKNESS AND HEALTH IN AMERICA, pp.490-506. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt & Ronald L. Numbers. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

1722 Arney, William R. POWER AND THE PROFESSION OF OBSTETRICS. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.

1723 Axelsen, Diana E. “Women as Victims of Medical Experimentation: J. Marion Sims’ Surgery on Slave Women, 1845-1850.” SAGE 2, no.2 (Fall 1985): 10-13.

1724 Barker-Benfield, Ben. “Sexual Surgery in Late-Nineteenth-Century America.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 5, no.2 (1975): 279-298.

1725 Beardsley, Edward H. “Race as a Factor in Health.” New York: Garland, 1990. WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.121-140.

1726 Bell, Susan E. “Changing Ideas: the Medicalization of Menopause.” SOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 24 (1987): 535-42.

1727 Borst, Charlotte G. “The Professionalization of Obstetrics: Childbirth Becomes A Medical Specialty.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.197-216. New York: Garland, 1990.

1728 Bullough, Vern L. “Female Physiology, Technology, and Women’s Liberation.” In DYNAMOS AND VIRGINS REVISITED: WOMEN AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN HISTORY, ed. by Martha Moore Trescott, pp.236-251. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1979.

1729 Bullough, Vern L. “Technology and Female Sexuality and Physiology: Some Implications.” JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 16 (1980): 59-71.

1730 Bullough, Vern L., and Voght, Martha. “Women, Menstruation, and Nineteenth Century Medicine.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 47, no.1 (January/February 1973): 66-82. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.28-37. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. Also repr. in SEX, SOCIETY, AND HISTORY, a collection of pieces by Vern L. Bullough. New York: Science History Publications, 1976.

1731 Cianfrani, Theodore. A SHORT HISTORY OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1960.

1732 Corea, Gena. THE HIDDEN MALPRACTICE: HOW AMERICAN MEDICINE TREATS WOMEN AS PATIENTS AND PROFESSIONALS. New York: Morrow, 1977.

1733 Dally, Ann. WOMEN UNDER THE KNIFE: A HISTORY OF SURGERY. New York: Routledge, 1992. Traces the development of surgery through experiments on women.

1734 Delancy, Janice, Lupton, Mary Jane, and Toth, Emily. THE CURSE: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF MENSTRUATION. New York: New American Library, 1976. Rev. ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988.

1735 Dorsey, Carolyn A. “Despite Poor Health: Olivia Davidson Washington’s Story.” SAGE 2, no.2 (Fall 1985): 69-72. Olivia Davidson Washington, Booker T. Washington’s second wife, died of tuberculosis in 1889. A short history of her illness is accompanied by a letter and her hospital record.

1736 Drachman, Virginia G. “Gynecological Instruments and Surgical Decisions at a Hospital in Late Nineteenth-Century America.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE 3 (Winter 1980): 660-672.

1737 Drachman, Virginia G. “The Loomis Trial: Social Mores and Obstetrics in the Mid-Nineteenth Century.” In HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA: ESSAYS IN SOCIAL HISTORY, ed. by Susan Reverby & David Rosner, pp.67-83. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.166-174. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1738 Duden, Barbara. “History Beneath the Skin.” MICHIGAN QUARTERLY REVIEW 30 (Winter 1991): 174-190.

1739 Duden, Barbara, and Dunlap, Thomas, trans. THE WOMAN BENEATH THE SKIN: A DOCTOR’S PATIENTS IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991. From the diary of Johannes Pelargius Storch of Eisenach, Germany.

1740 Eccles, Audrey. OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY IN TUDOR AND STUART ENGLAND. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1982.

1741 Findley, Palmer. PRIESTS OF LUCINA: THE STORY OF OBSTETRICS. Boston: Little, Brown, 1939.

1742 Formanek, Ruth, ed. THE MEANINGS OF MENOPAUSE: HISTORICAL, MEDICAL, AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1990. Includes “Continuity and Change and `the Change of Life’: Premodern Views of the Menopause,” by Ruth Formanek, and contributions by Ursula K. LeGuin, Susan E. Bell, Helena Harris, and others.

1743 French, Valerie. “Midwives and Maternity Care in the Greco-Roman World.” HELIOS 13, no.2 (Fall 1986): 69-84. In special issue, “Rescuing Creusa: New Methodological Approaches to Women in Antiquity.”

1744 Gelbart, Nina. “Mme du Coudray’s Manual for Midwives: The Politics of Enlightenment Obstetrics.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY 16 (1989): 389-396.

1745 Gibbons, Russell W. “Forgotten Parameters of General Practice: The Chiropractic Obstetrician.” CHIROPRACTIC HISTORY 2, no.1 (1982): 27-33.

1746 Gortvay, Gyorgy, and Zoltan, Imre. SEMMELWEIS: HIS LIFE AND WORK. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1968.

1747 Green, Monica. “Women’s Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe.” SIGNS 14, no.2 (Winter 1989): 434-473. Repr. in SISTERS AND WORKERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Ed. by J. Bennet et al. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.

1748 Haller, John S. “Trends in American Gynecology, 1800-1910: A Short History.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 89 (1989): 278-282.

1749 Hansen, Bert. “Medical Education in New York City in 1866-1867: A Student’s Notebook of Professor Charles A. Budd’s Lectures on Obstetrics at New York University.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 85 (1985): 488-97, 548-59.

1750 Hanson, Ann Ellis. “Continuity and Change: Three Case Studies in Hippocratic Gynecological Therapy and Theory.” In WOMEN’S HISTORY AND ANCIENT HISTORY, ed. Sarah B. Pomeroy, pp.73-110. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

1751 Harris, Seale. WOMAN’S SURGEON: THE STORY OF J. MARION SIMS. New York: Macmillan, 1950.

1752 Harsin, Jill. “Syphilis, Wives, and Physicians: Medical Ethics and the Family in Late Nineteenth-Century France.” FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES 16, no.1 (1989): 72-95.

1753 Hurwitz, B., and Richardson, R. “Inspector General James Barry, M.D.: Putting the Woman in Her Place.” BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 298 (1989): 299-305.

1754 Ineson, A. “Women’s Work and Women’s Health in the Munitions Industry in World War I.” SOCIETY FOR THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE BULLETIN no.36 (1985): 44-47.

1755 James, Barbara. “Ten Years of Women’s Health, 1982-1992.” FEMINIST REVIEW 41 (Summer 1992): 37-51.

1756 Jameson, Edwin Milton. GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS. New York: Hoeber, 1936.

1757 Johnstone, Robert William. WILLIAM SMELLIE: THE MASTER OF BRITISH MIDWIFERY. Edinburgh: Livingston, 1952.

1758 Kelly, Emerson C. “Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis.” MEDICAL CLASSICS 5, no.5 (January 1941): 341-347. Short bibliography of works by and about Semmelweis. Followed by complete translation of THE ETIOLOGY, THE CONCEPT, AND THE PROPHYLAXIS OF CHILDBIRTH FEVER, pp.350-773. See also Murphy, below.

1759 King, Helen. “Sacrificial Blood: The Role of Amnion in Ancient Gynecology.” HELIOS 13, no.2 (1986): 117-126.

1760 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “The Growth of Medical Authority: Technology and Morals in Turn-of-the-Century Obstetrics.” MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY 1, no.3 (1987): 230-255.

1761 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “Joseph B. DeLee and the Practice of Preventive Obstetrics.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 78, no.10 (1988): 1353-1359.

1762 Longo, Lawrence D. “Electrotherapy in Gynecology: The American Experience.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 60, no.3 (Fall 1986): 343-366.

1763 Longo, Lawrence D. “The Rise and Fall of Battey’s Operation: A Fashion in Surgery.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 53, no.2 (Summer 1979): 244-267. Bilateral ovariotomy for neurosis, menstrual disorders, etc. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.270-284. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1764 Maines, Rachel. “Socially Camouflaged Technologies: The Case of the Electromagnetic Vibrator.” IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE MAGAZINE 8, no.2 (June 1989): 3-11.

1765 McGregor, Deborah Kuhn. “Female Disorders and 19th-Century Medicine: The Case of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula.” CADUCEUS: A MUSEUM QUARTERLY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES 3, no.1 (1987): 1-31.

1766 McGregor, Deborah Kuhn. SEXUAL SURGERY AND THE ORIGINS OF GYNECOLOGY: J. MARION SIMS, HIS HOSPITAL, AND HIS PATIENTS. New York: Garland, 1990. Biography of the “father of gynecology.”

1767 Mitchinson, Wendy. “Gynecological Operations on Insane Women: London, Ontario, 1895-1901.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 15 (Spring 1982): 467-484.

1768 Mitchinson, Wendy. “Gynecological Operations on the Insane.” ARCHIVARIA 10 (1980): 125-144.

1769 Mitchinson, Wendy. “Historical Attitudes Toward Women and Childbirth.” ATLANTIS 4, no.2, part 2 (Spring 1979): 13-34. Focus on Canada.

1770 Mitchinson, Wendy. “A Medical Debate in Nineteenth Century English Canada: Ovariotomies.” HISTOIRE SOCIALE/SOCIAL HISTORY 17 (May 1984): 133-147.

1771 Mitchinson, Wendy. THE NATURE OF THEIR BODIES: WOMEN AND THEIR DOCTORS IN VICTORIAN CANADA. Toronto; Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 1991.

1772 Morantz, Regina Markell, and Zschoche, Sue. “Professionalism, Feminism, and Gender Roles: A Comparative Study of Nineteenth-Century Medical Therapeutics.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY 67, no.3 (December 1980): 568-588.

1773 Moscucci, Ornella. THE SCIENCE OF WOMAN: GYNAECOLOGY AND GENDER IN ENGLAND, 1800-1929. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Embraces women in science, the scientific construction of gender, and the interplay of race, class, and culture with the concept of nature itself.

1774 Munro Kerr, J.M., Johnstone, R.W., and Phillips, Miles H. HISTORICAL REVIEW OF BRITISH OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, 1800-1950. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone, 1954.

1775 Murphy, Frank P. “Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818-1865): An Annotated Bibliography.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 20, no.5 (December 1946): 653-707. See also Kelly, above.

1776 Ojanuga, Durrenda. “The Medical Ethics of the `Father of Gynaecology,’ Dr. J. Marion Sims.” JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 19 (March 1993): 28-31. Sims used female slaves as research subjects.

1777 Poovey, Mary. “`Scenes of an Indelicate Character’: The Medical `Treatment’ of Victorian Women.” REPRESENTATIONS 14 (Spring 1986): 137-168. On the use of anesthesia. Repr. in THE MAKING OF THE MODERN BODY: SEXUALITY AND SOCIETY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Ed. by Catherine Gallagher and Thomas Laqueur. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

1778 Ricci, James V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYNAECOLOGICAL SURGERY AND INSTRUMENTS: FROM THE HIPPOCRATIC AGE TO THE ANTISEPTIC PERIOD. Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1949.

1779 Ricci, James V. GENEALOGY OF GYNAECOLOGY: HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYNAECOLOGY THROUGHOUT THE AGES. Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1950. 2nd ed.

1780 Rittenhouse, C. Amanda. THE EMERGENCE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF A WOMEN’S HEALTH “PROBLEM”. 1989.

1781 Rowland, Beryl. MEDIEVAL WOMAN’S GUIDE TO HEALTH: THE FIRST ENGLISH GYNAECOLOGICAL HANDBOOK. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1981.

1782 Roy, Judith M. “Surgical Gynecology.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.173-195. New York: Garland, 1990.

1783 Sanders-Goebel, Pamela. “Crisis and Controversy: Historical Patterns in Breast Cancer Surgery.” CANADIAN BULLETIN OF MEDICAL HISTORY/ BULLETIN CANADIEN D’HISTOIRE DE LA MEDECINE 8 (1991): 77-90.

1784 Savage, Gail. “`The Wilful Communication of a Loathsome Disease’: Marital Conflict and Venereal Disease in Victorian England.” VICTORIAN STUDIES 34 (1990): 35-54.

1785 Savage, Wendy. “The Management of Obstetric Pain.” In THE HISTORY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN, FROM EARLY PRINCIPLES TO PRESENT PRACTICE, ed. Ronald D. Mann. Carnforth, England: Parthenon, 1988.

1786 Schaffner, William, et al. “Maternal Mortality in Michigan: An Epidemiological Analysis, 1950-1971.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 67, no.9 (September 1977): 821-829.

1787 Scull, Andrew T., and Favreau, Diane. “`A Chance to Cut is a Chance to Cure’: Sexual Surgery for Psychosis in Three Nineteenth Century Societies.” RESEARCH IN LAW, DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL 8 (1986): 3-39.

1788 Scull, Andrew T., and Favreau, Diane. “The Clitoridectomy Craze.” SOCIAL RESEARCH 53, no.2 (1986): 243-260. On 19th century British gynecologist Isaac Baker Brown who believed that clitoridectomy cured hysteria and nervous complaints.

1789 Scully, Diana. MEN WHO CONTROL WOMEN’S HEALTH: THE MISEDUCATION OF OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1980. Chapter II, “Baby Catchers and Uterus Snatchers,” reviews the history of ob/gyn in the United States.

1790 Semmelweis, Ignac Fulop; trans. and ed. by K. Codell Carter. THE ETIOLOGY, CONCEPT, AND PROPHYLAXIS OF CHILDBED FEVER. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983. Originally published in 1861.

1791 Shapiro, Sam, Schlesinger, Edward R., and Nesbitt, Robert E.L., Jr. INFANT, PERINATAL, MATERNAL, AND CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.

1792 Sheehan, Elizabeth. “Victorian Clitoridectomy: Isaac Baker Brown and His Harmless Operative Procedure.” FEMINIST ISSUES 5, no.1 (Spring 1985): 39-53.

1793 Shepherd, John. LAWSON TAIT: REBELLIOUS SURGEON. Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press, 1980. Biography of a leading nineteenth-century gynecologist.

1794 Shorter, Edward. WOMEN’S BODIES: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF WOMEN’S ENCOUNTER WITH HEALTH, ILL-HEALTH, AND MEDICINE. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1991. Repr., originally published as A HISTORY OF WOMEN’S BODIES. New York: Basic Books, 1982.

1795 Shorter, Edward. “Women’s Diseases Before 1900.” In NEW DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOHISTORY, ed. by Mel Albin, with the assistance of Robert J. Devlin and Gerald Heegan, pp.183-208. Lexington, MA: Heath, 1980.

1796 Siddel, A. Clair. “Bloodletting in American Obstetric Practice, 1800-1945.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 54 (Spring 1980): 101-110.

1797 Sims, James Marion. THE STORY OF MY LIFE. New York: Appleton, 1884; New York: Da Capo, 1968.

1798 Sinclair, William J. SEMMELWEIS: HIS LIFE AND DOCTRINE. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1909. Biographer Sinclair was Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manchester.

1799 Slaughter, Frank G. IMMORTAL MAGYAR: SEMMELWEIS, CONQUEROR OF CHILDBED FEVER. New York: Henry Schuman, 1950.

1800 Smart, Judith. “Feminists, Labour Women, and Venereal Disease in Early Twentieth Century Melbourne.” AUSTRALIAN FEMINIST STUDIES 15 (Autumn 1992): 25-40.

1801 Smith, Hilda. “Gynecology and Ideology in Seventeenth-Century England.” In LIBERATING WOMEN’S HISTORY, ed. by Berenice A. Carroll, pp.97-114. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.

1802 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. “Puberty to Menopause: The Cycle of Femininity in Nineteenth Century America.” FEMINIST STUDIES 1, no.3/4 (Winter/Spring 1973): 58-72. Repr. in CLIO’S CONSCIOUSNESS RAISED, pp.23-37. Ed. by Mary Hartman and Lois Banner. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. Also repr. in DISORDERLY CONDUCT: VISIONS OF GENDER IN VICTORIAN AMERICA, pp.182-196. By Carroll Smith-Rosenberg. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

1803 Soranus, of Ephesus; ed. by Miriam F. Drabkin and Israel E. Drabkin. CAELIUS AURELIANUS GYNAECIA: FRAGMENTS OF A LATIN VERSION OF SORANUS’ GYNAECIA FROM A THIRTEENTH CENTURY MANUSCRIPT. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1951.

1804 Speert, Harold. ICONOGRAPHICA GYNIATRICA: A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS. Philadelphia: Davis, 1973.

1805 Speert, Harold. OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGIC MILESTONES. New York: Macmillan, 1958.

1806 Speert, Harold. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY IN AMERICA: A HISTORY. Chicago: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1980. Illustrations; bibliography

1807 Stage, Sarah. FEMALE COMPLAINTS: LYDIA PINKHAM AND THE BUSINESS OF WOMEN’S MEDICINE. New York: Norton, 1979.

1808 Summey, Pamela S., and Hurst, Marsha. “Ob/Gyn on the Rise: The Evolution of Professional Ideology in the Twentieth Century.” Part I: WOMEN AND HEALTH 11, no.1 (Spring 1986): 133-146; Part II: WOMEN AND HEALTH 11, no.2 (Summer 1986): 103-122.

1809 Thoms, Herbert. CLASSICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1935.

1810 Thoms, Herbert. OUR OBSTETRIC HERITAGE: THE STORY OF A SAFE CHILDBIRTH. Hamden, CT: Shoestring, 1960.

1811 Vertinsky, Patricia A. “God, Science and the Market Place: The Bases for Exercise Prescriptions for Females in Nineteenth Century North America.” CANADIAN JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF SPORT 17, no.1 (1986): 38-44.

1812 Vertinsky, Patricia A. “Of No Use Without Health: Late Nineteenth Century Medical Prescriptions for Female Exercise Through the Life Span.” WOMEN & HEALTH 14, no.1 (1988): 89-115.

1813 “William Smellie (1697-1763) — Intuitive Teacher of Obstetrics.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 187, no.2 (January 11, 1964): 146-147.

1814 Williams, J. Whitridge. “A Criticism of Certain Tendencies in American Obstetrics.” NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 22, no.11 (November 1922): 493-499. States opposition to prophylactic forceps intervention.

1815 Williams, Perry. “The Laws of Health: Women, Medicine and Sanitary Reform, 1850-1890.” In SCIENCE AND SENSIBILITY: GENDER AND SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, 1780-1945, ed. by Marina Benjamin, pp.60-88. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.

Reproduction (1816-2005)

The citations here cover the history of women’s reproductive health and childbearing, focusing especially on women’s own experiences, and the history of birth control measures and the birth control movement. DES treatment and its menacing aftermath and involuntary sterilization are other topics covered. For specifically technological aspects of reproduction, see the section REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY.

1816 Acevedo, Zoila. “Abortion in Early America.” WOMEN AND HEALTH 4 (1979): 159-167.

1817 Anderton, Douglas L., and Bean, Lee L. “Birth Spacing and Fertility Limitation: A Behavioral Analysis of a Nineteenth Century Frontier Population.” DEMOGRAPHY 22 (1985): 169-183.

1818 Antler, Joyce, and Fox, Daniel M. “The Movement Toward a Safe Maternity: Physician Accountablility in New York City, 1915-1940.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 50, no.4 (Winter 1976): 569-595. Repr. in SICKNESS AND HEALTH IN AMERICA, pp.490-506. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt & Ronald L. Numbers. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

1819 Apfel, Roberta J., and Fisher, Susan M. TO DO NO HARM: DES AND THE DILEMMA OF MODERN MEDICINE. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

1820 Arms, Suzanne. IMMACULATE DECEPTION: A NEW LOOK AT WOMEN AND CHILDBIRTH IN AMERICA. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975.

1821 Atkinson, Colin B., and Stoneman, William P. “`These Griping Greeffes and Pinching Pange’: Attitudes to Childbirth in Thomas Bentley’s THE MONUMENT OF MATRONES (1582).” SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL 21 (Summer 1990): 193-204.

1822 Backhouse, Constance B. “The Celebrated Abortion Trial of Dr. Emily Stower, Toronto, 1879.” CANADIAN BULLETIN OF HISTORY/ BULLETIN CANADIEN D’HISTOIRE DE LA MEDECINE 8 (1991): 159-187. “…one of the first doctors to be tried for attempting to procure an abortion in nineteenth-century Canada…”

1823 Banks, Joseph Ambrose, and Banks, Olive. FEMINISM AND FAMILY PLANNING IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND. New York: Schocken Books, 1964.

1824 Barkai, Ron. “A Medieval Hebrew Treatise on Obstetrics.” MEDICAL HISTORY 33 (January 1989): 96-119.

1825 Bean, Lee L., Mineau, Geraldine P., and Anderton, Douglas L. FERTILITY CHANGE ON THE AMERICAN FRONTIER: ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

1826 Bell, Susan E. “A New Model of Medical Technology Development: A Case Study of DES.” RESEARCH IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH CARE 4 (1986): 1-32.

1827 Bichler, Joyce. DES DAUGHTERS: THE JOYCE BICHLER STORY. New York: Avon, 1981.

1828 Biller, Peter A. “Birth-Control in the West in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries.” PAST & PRESENT no.94 (February 1982): 3-26.

1829 Biller, Peter A. “Childbirth in the Middle Ages.” HISTORY TODAY 36 (August 1986): 42-49.

1830 Bishop, Mary F. “The Early Birth Controllers of B.C.” B.C. STUDIES 61 (Spring 1984): 64-84. British Columbia.

1831 Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate. NOT OF WOMAN BORN: REPRESENTATION OF CAESAREAN BIRTH IN MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE CULTURE. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.

1832 Bock, Gisela. “Racism and Sexism in Nazi Germany: Motherhood, Compulsory Sterilization, and the State.” SIGNS 8 (Spring 1983): 400-421.

1833 Bogdan, Janet C. “Care or Cure? Childbirth Practices in 19th-Century America.” FEMINIST STUDIES 4 (1978): 92-99.

1834 Bogdan, Janet C. “Childbirth in America, 1650-1990.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.101-120. New York: Garland, 1990.

1835 Bogdan, Janet C. “Losing Birth: The Erosion of Women’s Control Over and Knowledge About Birth, 1650-1900.” In CHANGING EDUCATION: WOMEN AS RADICAL AND CONSERVATORS, ed. by Joyce Antler and Sari Knopp Biklen, pp.83-101. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1990.

1836 Borell, Merriley. “Biologists and the Promotion of Birth Control Research, 1918-1938.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 20, no.1 (Spring 1987): 51-87.

1837 Borst, Charlotte G. “The Professionalization of Obstetrics: Childbirth Becomes A Medical Specialty.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.197-216. New York: Garland, 1990.

1838 Brookes, Barbara. ABORTION IN ENGLAND, 1900-1967. New York: Croom Helm, 1988.

1839 Cates, Willard, Jr. “Abortion Attitudes of Black Women.” WOMEN AND HEALTH 2, no.3 (November-December 1979): 3-9.

1840 Chandrasekhar, S. “A DIRTY, FILTHY BOOK”: THE WRITINGS OF CHARLES KNOWLTON AND ANNIE BESANT ON REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIRTH CONTROL AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE BRADLAUGH-BESANT TRIAL. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. Includes the Bradlaugh-Besant edition of Knowlton’s FRUITS OF PHILOSOPHY, two of Besant’s pamphlets on birth control, introductory essay, bibliography.

1841 (deleted)

1842 Clarke, Adele E. “Controversy and the Development of Reproductive Sciences.” SOCIAL PROBLEMS 37 (February 1990): 18-37.

1843 Cosslett, Tess. “Grantly Dick Read and Sheila Kitzinger: Towards a Women-Centered Story of Childbirth.” JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES 1 (1991): 29-43. Analyzes Read’s NATURAL CHILDBIRTH (1933) and Kitzinger’s THE EXPERIENCE OF CHILDBIRTH (1962).

1844 Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. “Induced Termination of Pregnancy Before and After Roe v. Wade: Trends in Mortality and Morbidity of Women.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 268 (1992): 3231-3239.

1845 Crawford, Patricia. “The Construction and Experience of Maternity in Seventeenth-Century England.” In WOMEN AS MOTHERS IN PRE-INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND: ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF DOROTHY McLAREN, ed. Valerie Fildes, pp.3-38. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1846 Cvornyek, Robert L., and Cvornyek, Dorothy L. “`I Know Something Awful Is Going to Happen’: Abortion in Early Twentieth Century Alabama.” SOUTHERN STUDIES 24 (Summer 1985): 229-232.

1847 Davey, Claire. “Birth Control in Britain During the Interwar Years: Evidence from the Stopes Correspondence.” JOURNAL OF FAMILY HISTORY 13, no.3 (July 1988): 329-346.

1848 Davis, Nanette J. FROM CRIME TO CHOICE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF ABORTION IN AMERICA. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985.

1849 Dayton, Cornelia Hughes. “Taking the Trade: Abortion and Gender Relations in an Eighteenth-Century New England Village.” WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY 48 (January 1991): 19-49.

1850 Delacy, Margaret. “Puerperal Fever in Eighteenth-Century Britain.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 63 (Winter 1989): 521-556.

1851 DelCastillo, Adelaida R. “Sterilization: An Overview.” In MEXICAN WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES: STRUGGLES PAST AND PRESENT, ed. by Magdalena Mora and Adelaide R. DelCastillo. Los Angeles: UCLA Chicano Studies Resources Center, 1980.

1852 Devitt, Neal. “The Transition From Home to Hospital Birth in the United States, 1930-1960.” BIRTH AND FAMILY JOURNAL 1, no.4 (Summer 1977): 45-58.

1853 Djerassi, Carl. THE POLITICS OF CONTRACEPTION. New York: Norton, 1979.

1854 Dobbie, B.M. Willmott. “An Attempt to Estimate the True Rate of Maternal Mortality, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries.” MEDICAL HISTORY 26 (January 1982): 79-89.

1855 Dodd, Dianne. “Women’s Involvement in the Canadian Birth Control Movement of the 1930s: The Hamilton Clinic.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.150-172. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1856 Drucker, Dan. ABORTION DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT, 1973 THROUGH 1989: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW WITH HISTORICAL COMMENTARY. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1990.

1857 Dundes, Lauren. “The Evolution of Maternal Birthing Position.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 77 (May 1987): 636-641.

1858 Dutton, Diana B. “DES and the Elusive Goal of Drug Safety.” In WORSE THAN THE DISEASE: PITFALLS OF MEDICAL PROGRESS, pp.31-90. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

1859 Dye, Nancy Schrom. “History of Childbirth in America.” SIGNS 6, no.1 (Autumn 1980): 97-108. Review essay.

1860 Dye, Nancy Schrom. “Modern Obstetrics and Working-Class Women: The New York Midwifery Dispensary, 1890-1920.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 20 (Spring 1987): 549-564.

1861 Eagan, Andrea Boroff. “200 Years of Childbirth.” PARENTS 60 (December 1985): 174+.

1862 Edwards, Margot, and Waldorf, Mary. RECLAIMING BIRTH: HISTORY AND HEROINES OF AMERICAN CHILDBIRTH REFORM. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1984.

1863 Fenichell, Stephen, and Charfoos, Lawrence S. DAUGHTERS AT RISK: A PERSONAL D.E.S. HISTORY. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981.

1864 Fildes, Valerie, ed. WOMEN AS MOTHERS IN PRE-INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND: ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF DOROTHY MCLAREN. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1865 Fitzpatrick, Ellen F. “Childbirth and an Unwed Mother in Seventeenth- Century New England.” SIGNS 8 (1983): 744-749. Commentary on and text of a seventeenth-century document.

1866 Fox, Enid. “Powers of Life and Death: Aspects of Maternal Welfare in England and Wales Between the Wars.” MEDICAL HISTORY 35 (1991): 328-352.

1867 Frankel, Barbara. CHILDBIRTH IN THE GHETTO: FOLK BELIEFS OF NEGRO WOMEN IN A NORTH PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL WARD. San Francisco: R & E Research Associates, 1977.

1868 French, Valerie. “Midwives and Maternity Care in the Greco-Roman World.” HELIOS 13, no.2 (Fall 1986): 69-84. In special issue, “Rescuing Creusa: New Methodological Approaches to Women in Antiquity.”

1869 Fried, Marlene Gerber, ed. FROM ABORTION TO REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM: TRANSFORMING A MOVEMENT. Boston: South End Press, 1990.

1870 Fuchs, Rachel G. POOR AND PREGNANT IN PARIS: STRATEGIES FOR SURVIVAL IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

1871 Fuchs, Rachel G., and Knepper, Paul E. “Women in the Paris Maternity Hospital: Public Policy in the Nineteenth Century.” SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY 13, no.2 (1989): 187-209.

1872 Furth, Charlotte. “Concepts of Pregnancy, Childbirth and Infancy in Ch’ing Dynasty China.” JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES 46 (February 1987): 7-37.

1873 Gelis, Jacques. HISTORY OF CHILDBIRTH: FERTILITY, PREGNANCY, AND BIRTH IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1991.

1874 Gillam, Richard, and Bernstein, Barton J. “Doing Harm: The DES Tragedy and Modern American Medicine.” PUBLIC HISTORIAN 9 (1987): 57-82.

1875 Gordon, Linda. “The Long Struggle for Reproductive Rights.” RADICAL AMERICA 15, nos.1/2 (1981): 75-88.

1876 Gordon, Linda. “The Politics of Birth Control, 1920-1940: The Impact of Professionals.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 5, no.2 (1975): 253-277.

1877 Gordon, Linda. “Voluntary Motherhood: The Beginnings of Feminist Birth Control Ideas in the United States.” FEMINIST STUDIES 1, no.3/4 (Winter/Spring 1973): 5-22. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.104-116. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. Also repr. in CLIO’S CONSCIOUSNESS RAISED: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, pp.54-71. Ed. by Mary S. Hartman and Lois Banner. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

1878 Gordon, Linda. “Who is Frightened of Reproductive Freedom for Women and Why? Some Historical Answers.” FRONTIERS: A JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S STUDIES 9, no.1 (1986): 23-26.

1879 Gordon, Linda. “Why Nineteenth-Century Feminists Did Not Support `Birth Control’ and Twentieth-Century Feminists Do.” In RETHINKING THE FAMILY, ed. by Barrie Thorne with Marilyn Yalom, pp.40-53. New York: Longman, 1982.

1880 Gordon, Linda. WOMAN’S BODY, WOMAN’S RIGHT: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF BIRTH CONTROL IN AMERICA. New York: Grossman, 1976; New York: Penguin, 1990. Rev. and updated ed.

1881 Green, Dorothy, and Murdock, Mary-Elizabeth, eds. THE MARGARET SANGER CENTENNIAL CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 13 & 14, 1979. Northampton, MA: The Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, 1982. Includes transcripts of presentations and discussions by Linda Gordon, James Reed, and Elizabeth Fee, plus summaries of other panels, on “the relationship between the history of the birth control movement and the issues surrounding the controversies concerning contemporary reproductive rights,” with special attention paid to the role of Margaret Sanger.

1882 Green, Shirley. THE CURIOUS HISTORY OF CONTRACEPTION. London: Ebury Press, 1971.

1883 Greep, Roy O., and Koblinsky, Marjorie A. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY CONTROL. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977. Thirty-nine essays, plus eighteen historical summary charts.

1884 Greep, Roy O., Koblinsky, Marjorie A., and Jaffee, Frederick S. REPRODUCTION AND HUMAN WELFARE: A CHALLENGE TO RESEARCH: A REVIEW OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES AND CONTRACEPTIVE DEVELOPMENT. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1976.

1885 Harding, Wendy. “Medieval Women’s Unwritten Discourse in Motherhood: A Reading of Two Fifteenth-Century Texts.” WOMEN’S STUDIES 21, no.2 (1992): 197-209.

1886 Harper, John Paull. “Be Fruitful and Multiply: Origins of Legal Restrictions on Planned Parenthood in Nineteenth-Century America.” In WOMEN IN AMERICA: A HISTORY, ed. Carol R. Berkin and Mary Beth Norton, pp.245-269. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979.

1887 Henderson, Andrea. “Doll Machines and Butcher-Shop Meat: Models of Childbirth in the Early Stages of Industrial Capitalism.” GENDERS 12 (1991): 100-119.

1888 Hiddinga, Anja. “Obstetrical Research in the Netherlands in the Nineteenth Century.” MEDICAL HISTORY 31 (July 1987): 281-305.

1889 Himes, Norman. MEDICAL HISTORY OF CONTRACEPTION. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1936; repr. New York: Schocken Books, 1970.

1890 Hoffert, Sylvia D. PRIVATE MATTERS: AMERICAN ATTITUDES TOWARD CHILDBEARING AND INFANT NURTURE IN THE URBAN NORTH, 1800-1860. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988.

1891 Holmes, Helen B., Hoskins, Betty B., and Gross, Michael, eds. BIRTH CONTROL AND CONTROLLING BIRTH: WOMEN-CENTERED PERSPECTIVES. Clifton, NJ: Humana, 1980.

1892 Jarrell, R.H. “Native American Women and Forced Sterilization, 1973-1976.” CADUCEUS 8, no.3 (Winter 1992): 45-58.

1893 Joffe, Carole. “Portraits of Three `Physicians of Conscience’: Abortion Before Legalization in the United States.” AMERICAN SEXUAL POLITICS: SEX, GENDER, AND RACE SINCE THE CIVIL WAR, ed. by John C. Fout & Maura Shaw Tantillo. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

1894 Jordan, Brigitte. BIRTH IN FOUR CULTURES. Montreal: Eden Press, 1978. Covers the American hospital, Dutch and Swedish midwifery, Mayan midwifery, and home births in Mexico.

1895 Katz, Esther. “The History of Birth Control in the United States.” In HISTORY OF MEDICINE, ed. Rebecca Greene. New York: Haworth Press, 1988. Also published as TRENDS IN HISTORY 4, no.2-3 (1988): 81-101.

1896 Keown, John. ABORTION, DOCTORS AND THE LAW: SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ABORTION IN ENGLAND FROM 1863-1982. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

1897 Kevles, Daniel J. IN THE NAME OF EUGENICS: GENETICS AND THE USES OF HUMAN HEREDITY. New York: Knopf, 1985.

1898 King, Charles R. “The New York Maternal Mortality Study: A Conflict of Professionalization.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 65 (1991): 476-502.

1899 King, Charles R. “The Woman’s Experience of Childbirth on the Western Frontier.” JOURNAL OF THE WEST 29, no.1 (1990): 76-84. Frontier women created their own support systems for pregnancy and childbirth.

1900 Laderman, Carol C. WIVES AND MIDWIVES: CHILDBIRTH AND NUTRITION IN RURAL MALAYSIA. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Ethnographic and ecological perspectives; blood and dietary analyses; how ecology and beliefs affect childbirth.

1901 Larson, Edward J. “Belated Progress: The Enactment of Eugenic Legislation in Georgia.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 46 (1991): 44-64.

1902 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “Birthing and Anesthesia: The Debate over Twilight Sleep.” SIGNS 6, no.1 (Autumn 1980): 147-164. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.175-184. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1903 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. BROUGHT TO BED: CHILDBEARING IN AMERICA, 1750-1950. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

1904 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “The Growth of Medical Authority: Technology and Morals in Turn-of-the-Century Obstetrics.” MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY 1, no.3 (1987): 230-255.

1905 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “The Medicalization of Childbirth in the Twentieth Century.” TRANSACTIONS AND STUDIES OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA Series 5, 11 (1989): 299-319.

1906 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “`Science’ Enters the Birthing Room: Obstetrics in America Since the Eighteenth Century.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY 70, no.2 (September 1983): 281-304. Repr. in SICKNESS AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, pp.81-97. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt & Ronald L. Numbers. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

1907 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “Under the Shadow of Maternity: American Women’s Responses to Death and Debility Fears in Nineteenth-Century Childbirth.” FEMINIST STUDIES 12 (Spring 1986): 129-154.

1908 Levesque, Andree. “Deviants Anonymous: Single Mothers at the Hospital de la Misericorde in Montreal, 1929-1939.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.108-125. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1909 Lewis, Jan, and Lockridge, Kenneth A. “`Sally Has Been Sick’: Pregnancy and Family Limitation Among Virginia Gentry Women, 1780-1830.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 22 (Fall 1988): 5-20.

1910 Lewis, Jane. “The Ideology and Politics of Birth Control in Inter-war England.” WOMEN’S STUDIES 2, no.1 (1979): 33-48.

1911 Lewis, Judith Schneid. IN THE FAMILY WAY: CHILDBEARING IN THE BRITISH ARISTOCRACY, 1760-1860. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.

1912 Lockwood, Rose Ann. “Birth, Illness, and Death in 18th-Century New England.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 12 (Fall 1978): 111-128.

1913 Logue, Barbara J. “The Case for Birth Control Before 1850: Nantucket Reexamined.” JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY 15 (Winter 1985): 371-391.

1914 MacPike, Loralee. “The New Woman, Childbearing, and the Reconstruction of Gender, 1880-1900.” NWSA JOURNAL 1 (Spring 1989): 368-397.

1915 Marshall, R.K. “17th Century Midwifery: The Treatment of Miscarriage.” NURSING MIRROR 155, no.24 (December 15, 1982): 31-36.

1916 Martin, Emily. THE WOMAN IN THE BODY: A CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTION. Boston: Beacon, 1987. See section two, “Science as a Cultural System.” Martin, an anthropologist, compares medical metaphors for menstruation, childbirth, and menopause to women’s own description of these events.

1917 Mathews, Joan J., and Zadak, Kathleen. “The Alternative Birth Movement in the United States: History and Current Status.” WOMEN & HEALTH 17 (1991): 39-57.

1918 Mathews, Joan J., and Zadak, Kathleen. “The Alternative Birth Movement in the United States: History and Current Status.” WOMEN & HEALTH 17, no.1 (1991): 39-56.

1919 McFalls, Joseph A., and Masnick, George S. “Birth Control and the Fertility of the U.S. Black Population, 1880 to 1980.” JOURNAL OF FAMILY HISTORY 6 (1981): 89-106.

1920 McGregor, Deborah Kuhn. “`Childbirth-Travells’ and `Spiritual Estates’: Anne Hutchinson and Colonial Boston, 1634-1638.” CADUCEUS 5, no.4 (1989): 1-33.

1921 McIntosh, Karyl. “Folk Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics in Utica, New York.” NEW YORK FOLKLORE 4 (1978): 49-59.

1922 McLaren, Angus, and McLaren, Arlene Tigar. THE BEDROOM AND THE STATE: THE CHANGING PRACTICES AND POLITICS OF CONTRACEPTION AND ABORTION IN CANADA, 1880-1980. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1986.

1923 McLaren, Angus. BIRTH CONTROL IN NINETEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND: A SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1978.

1924 McLaren, Angus, and McLaren, Arlene Tigar. “Discoveries and Dissimulations: The Impact of Abortion Deaths on Maternal Mortality in British Columbia.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.126-149. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1925 McLaren, Angus. A HISTORY OF CONTRACEPTION: FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT DAY. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1990.

1926 McLaren, Angus. “`Keep Your Seats and Face Facts’: Western Canadian Women’s Discussion of Birth Control in the 1920s.” CANADIAN BULLETIN OF MEDICAL HISTORY/ BULLETIN CANADIEN D’HISTOIRE DE LA MEDECINE 8 (1991): 189-201.

1927 McLaren, Angus. SEXUALITY AND SOCIAL ORDER: THE DEBATE OVER THE FERTILITY OF WOMEN AND WORKERS IN FRANCE, 1770-1920. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1983.

1928 McMillen, Sally G. MOTHERHOOD IN THE OLD SOUTH: PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, AND INFANT REARING. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1990.

1929 Melcher, Mary. “Women’s Matters: Birth Control, Prenatal Care, and Childbirth in Rural Montana, 1910-1940.” MONTANA, THE MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY 41, no.2 (Spring 1991): 47-56.

1930 Miller, Lawrence G. “Pain, Parturition, and the Profession: Twilight Sleep in America.” In HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA: ESSAYS IN SOCIAL HISTORY, ed. by Susan Reverby & David Rosner, pp.19-44. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979.

1931 Milligan, B. Carol. “Nursing Care and Beliefs of Expectant Navajo Women (Part 1).” AMERICAN INDIAN QUARTERLY 8, no.2 (1984): 83-101.

1932 Mitford, Jessica. THE AMERICAN WAY OF BIRTH. New York: Dutton/William Abrams, 1992.

1933 Mohr, James C. ABORTION IN AMERICA: THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL POLICY, 1800-1900. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

1934 Mohr, James C. “Patterns of Abortion and the Response of American Physicians, 1790-1930.” In WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.117-123. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1935 Morton, Marian J. AND SIN NO MORE: SOCIAL POLICY AND UNWED MOTHERS IN CLEVELAND, 1855-1990. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1993.

1936 Murphy, John M. “`To Create a Race of Thoroughbreds’: Margaret Sanger and `The Birth Control Review.'” WOMEN’S STUDIES IN COMMUNICATION 13 (1990): 23-45.

1937 Murphy-Lawless, Jo. “The Silencing of Women in Childbirth or Let’s Hear It From Bartholomew and the Boys.” WOMEN’S STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 11, no.4 (1988): 293-298.

1938 Nelson, Margaret K. “Working-Class Women, Middle-Class Women, and Models of Childbirth.” SOCIAL PROBLEMS 30 (1983): 284-297.

1939 Neuman, R. “Working Class Birth Control in Wilhelmine Germany.” COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN SOCIETY AND HISTORY 20 (1978): 408-428.

1940 Nicoll, Christine E., and Weisbord, Robert G. “The Early Years of the Rhode Island Birth Control League.” RHODE ISLAND HISTORY 45 (November 1986): 111-125.

1941 Oakley, Ann. THE CAPTURED WOMB: A HISTORY OF THE MEDICAL CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN. New York: B. Blackwell, 1984.

1942 Oppenheimer, Jo. “Childbirth in Ontario: The Transition from Home to Hospital in the Early Twentieth Century.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.51-74. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1943 Pereira-Pennisi, D. “Childbirth as Depicted in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Fiction in Britain.” HISTORY OF NURSING BULLETIN 2, no.1 (1988): 8-16.

1944 Petchesky, Rosalind. “Antiabortion, Antifeminism, and the Rise of the New Right.” FEMINIST STUDIES 7 (1981): 206-246.

1945 Poirier, Suzanne. “Women’s Reproductive Health.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.217-245. New York: Garland, 1990.

1946 Pollock, Linda A. “Embarking on a Rough Passage: The Experience of Pregnancy in Early-Modern Society.” In WOMEN AS MOTHERS IN PRE-INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND: ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF DOROTHY MCLAREN, ed. Valerie Fildes, pp.39-67. New York: Routledge, 1990.

1947 Porges, Robert F. “The Response of the New York Obstetrical Society to the Report by the New York Academy of Medicine on Maternal Mortality, 1933-1934.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 152 (July 15, 1985): 642-649.

1948 Potts, Malcolm, Diggory, Peter, and Peel, John. ABORTION. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Covers historical, sociological, clinical, demographic, and ethical aspects.

1949 Potts, Malcolm, and Wood, Clive, eds. NEW CONCEPTS IN CONTRACEPTION: A GUIDE TO DEVELOPMENTS IN FAMILY PLANNING. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1972. Models for progress: United Kingdom, 1919-1959, and People’s Republic of China, 1957-1971, etc.

1950 Powers, Marla N. “Menstruation and Reproduction: An Oglala Case.” SIGNS 6 (1980): 54-65.

1951 Quiroga, Virginia A. Metaxas. POOR MOTHERS AND BABIES: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF CHILDBIRTH AND CHILD CARE INSTITUTIONS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NEW YORK CITY. New York: Garland, 1989.

1952 Radcliffe, Walter. MILESTONES IN MIDWIFERY. Bristol, England: Wright, 1967.

1953 Ramirez de Arellano, Annette B., and Seipp, Conrad. COLONIALISM, CATHOLICISM, AND CONTRACEPTION: A HISTORY OF BIRTH CONTROL IN PUERTO RICO. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.

1954 Ramusack, Barbara N. “Embattled Advocates: The Debate over Birth Control in India, 1920-1940.” JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S HISTORY 1 (Fall 1989): 34-64.

1955 Ray, Joyce M. “American Physicians and Birth Control, 1936-1947.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 18 (Spring 1985): 399-411.

1956 Reagan, Leslie J. “`About to Meet Her Maker’: Women, Doctors, Dying Declarations, and the State’s Investigation of Abortion, Chicago, 1867-1940.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY 77 (March 1991): 1240-1264.

1957 Reed, James. THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT AND AMERICAN SOCIETY: FROM PRIVATE VICE TO PUBLIC VIRTUE. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

1958 Reed, James. “Doctors, Birth Control, and Social Values, 1830-1970.” In THERAPEUTIC REVOLUTION: ESSAYS IN THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF HUMAN MEDICINE, ed. by Morris J. Vogel & Charles E. Rosenberg, pp.109-134. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979. Repr. in WOMAN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.124-139. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1959 Reed, James. FROM PRIVATE VICE TO PUBLIC VIRTUE: THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT AND AMERICAN SOCIETY SINCE 1830. New York: Basic Books, 1978. Repr. as THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.

1960 Reed, James. “Public Policy on Human Reproduction and the Historian.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 18 (Spring 1985): 383-398.

1961 Reilly, Philip R. “Involuntary Sterilization in the United States: A Surgical Solution.” QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 62 (1987): 153-170.

1962 Reilly, Philip R. THE SURGICAL SOLUTION: A HISTORY OF INVOLUNTARY STERILIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

1963 Reynolds, Sian. “Who Wanted the Crutches? Working Mothers and the Birth-rate in France, 1900-1950.” CONTINUITY AND CHANGE: A JOURNAL OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE, LAW, AND DEMOGRAPHY IN PAST SOCIETIES 5 (1990). In the special issue: LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY: RESPONSES TO FERTILITY DECLINE IN EUROPE, 1900-1950.

1964 Riddle, John M. CONTRACEPTION AND ABORTION FROM THE ANCIENT WORLD TO THE RENAISSANCE. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

1965 Riddle, John M. “Oral Contraceptives and Early-Term Abortifacients During Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages.” PAST & PRESENT 132 (August 1991): 3-32.

1966 Robertson, William H. AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF CONTRACEPTION: A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE QUEST FOR FERTILITY CONTROL. Carnforth, England: Parthenon, 1990.

1967 Rodrique, Jessie M. “The Black Community and the Birth Control Movement.” In PASSION AND POWER: SEXUALITY IN HISTORY, ed. Kathy Peiss and Christina Simmons. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.

1968 Rose, June. MARIE STOPES AND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION. Boston, MA: Faber and Faber, 1992.

1969 Ross, Loretta J. “African-American Women and Abortion: A Neglected History.” JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED 3 (1992): 274-284.

1970 Rothman, Barbara Katz. IN LABOR: WOMEN AND POWER IN THE BIRTHPLACE. New York: Norton, 1982. 1984 Penguin ed. published as GIVING BIRTH: ALTERNATIVES IN CHILDBIRTH.

1971 Sakokwenonkas. “Pregnancies and the Mohawk Tradition.” CANADIAN WOMAN STUDIES/ LES CAHIERS DE LA FEMME 10, nos.2/3 (Summer/Fall 1989): 115-116.

1972 Sandelowski, Margarete. “Failures of Volition: Female Agency and Infertility in Historical Perspectives.” SIGNS 15 (Spring 1990): 475-499.

1973 Sandelowski, Margarete. PAIN, PLEASURE AND AMERICAN CHILDBIRTH: FROM THE TWILIGHT SLEEP TO THE READ METHOD, 1914-1960. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984.

1974 Sauer, R. “Attitudes Toward Abortion in America, 1800-1973.” POPULATION STUDIES 28, no.1 (March 1974): 53-67.

1975 Savage, Wendy. “The Management of Obstetric Pain.” In THE HISTORY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN, FROM EARLY PRINCIPLES TO PRESENT PRACTICE, ed. Ronald D. Mann. Carnforth, England: Parthenon, 1988.

1976 Scholten, Catherine M. “`On the Importance of the Obstetric Art’: Changing Customs of Childbirth in America, 1760-1825.” WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY 34 (1977): 426-445. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.142-154. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

1977 Scholten, Catherine M. CHILDBEARING IN AMERICAN SOCIETY, 1650-1850. New York: New York University Press, 1985.

1978 Seaman, Barbara, and Seaman, Gideon. WOMEN AND THE CRISIS IN SEX HORMONES. New York: Rawson Associates, 1977. Effects of hormone therapy; history and economics; marketing; lack of research on male contraceptives.

1979 Seligman, Stanley A. “The Lesser Pestilence: Non-Epidemic Puerperal Fever.” MEDICAL HISTORY 35 (1991): 89-102.

1980 Shearer, Madeline H. “Maternity Patients’ Movements in the United States 1820-1985.” In EFFECTIVE CARE IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH, ed. Iain Calmers, et al., pp.110-130. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

1981 Silberman, Sara Lee. “Pioneering in Family-Centered Maternity and Infant Care: Edith B. Jackson and the Yale Rooming-In Research Project.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 64 (Summer 1990): 262-287.

1982 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. “The Abortion Movement and the AMA, 1850-1880.” In DISORDERLY CONDUCT: VISIONS OF GENDER IN VICTORIAN AMERICA, pp.217-244. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

1983 Soloway, Richard A. DEMOGRAPHY AND DEGENERATION: EUGENICS AND THE DECLINING BIRTHRATE IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN. North Carolina, 1990.

1984 Spensky, Martine. “Producers of Legitimacy: Homes for Unmarried Mothers in the 1950s.” In REGULATING WOMANHOOD: HISTORICAL ESSAYS ON MARRIAGE, MOTHERHOOD AND SEXUALITY, ed. by Carol Smart, pp.100-118. New York: Routledge, 1992.

1985 Stowe, Steven M. “Obstetrics and the Work of Doctoring in the Mid- Nineteenth-Century American South.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 64 (Winter 1990): 540-566.

1986 Strong-Boag, Veronica, and McPherson, Kathryn. “The Confinement of Women: Childbirth and Hospitalization in Vancouver, 1919-1939.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES.

Alternative Health Systems (2006-2013)

Listed here are works on homeopathy, hydropathy, and other alternative health movements.

2006 Barlow, William, and Powell, David O. “A Case for Medical Coeducation in the 1870s.” JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION 35 (1980): 285-8. Gender issues in homeopathy education.

2007 Becker, Carl B. “Religious Healing in 19th Century `New Religions’: The Cases of Tenrikyo and Christian Science.” RELIGION 20 (July 1990): 199-216.

2008 Cayleff, Susan E. “Gender, Ideology and the Water-Cure Movement.” In OTHER HEALERS: UNORTHODOX MEDICINE IN AMERICA, ed. Norman Gevitz, pp.82-98. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

2009 Cayleff, Susan E. “Self-Help and the Patent Medicine Business.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.311-336. New York: Garland, 1990.

2010 Cayleff, Susan E. WASH AND BE HEALED: THE WATER-CURE MOVEMENT AND WOMEN’S HEALTH. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987.

2011 Donegan, Jane B. “HYDROPATHIC HIGHWAY TO HEALTH”: WOMEN AND WATER- CURE IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1986.

2012 Mathews, Joan J., and Zadak, Kathleen. “The Alternative Birth Movement in the United States: History and Current Status.” WOMEN & HEALTH 17, no.1 (1991): 39-56.

2013 Rogers, Naomi. “Women and Sectarian Medicine.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.281-310. New York: Garland, 1990.

Other Health Issues (2014-2092)

This section collects citations on historical aspects of a variety of additional topics, such as body image, fitness and exercise, occupational health hazards, prostitution and health, the ideology of motherhood, and the nineteenth century health reform movement.

2014 Alpern, S. “Eating Disorders Among Women: An Historical Review of the Literature from a Women’s History Perspective.” AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 7, no.3/4 (Summer/Autumn 1990): 47-55.

2015 Antler, Joyce. “Medical Women and Social Reform — A History of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.” WOMEN & HEALTH 1, no.4 (July/August 1976): 11-15.

2016 Apple, Rima. MOTHERS AND MEDICINE: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF INFANT FEEDING, 1890-1950. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

2017 Arnup, Katherine, Levesque, Andree, and Pierson, Ruth Roach, eds. DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES. New York: Routledge, 1990.

2018 Atkinson, Clarissa W. THE OLDEST VOCATION: CHRISTIAN MOTHERHOOD IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. Especially chapter 2: “Physiological Motherhood,” which provides a summary of medical and scientific theories of maternity.

2019 Atwater, Edward C. “Of Grandes Dames, Surgeons, and Hospitals: Batavia, New York, 1900-1940.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 45 (July 1990): 414-451.

2020 Bale, Anthony. “Hope in Another Direction: Compensation for Work- Related Illness Among Women, 1900-1960.” WOMEN & HEALTH 15 (1989): 99-115.

2021 Bale, Anthony. “Women’s Toxic Experience.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.411-439. New York: Garland, 1990.

2022 Banner, Lois W. AMERICAN BEAUTY. New York: Knopf, 1982. Examines health effects of beauty standards.

2023 Beardsley, Edward H. “Race as a Factor in Health.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.121-140. New York: Garland, 1990.

2024 La Berge, Ann F. “Mothers and Infants, Nurses and Nursing: Alfred Donne and the Medicalization of Child-Care in Nineteenth-Century France.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 46 (January 1991): 20-43.

2025 Brumberg, Joan Jacobs. FASTING GIRLS: THE EMERGENCE OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA AS A MODERN DISEASE. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.

2026 Buckley, Suzanne, and McGinnis, Janice Dickin. “Venereal Disease and Public Health Reform in Canada.” CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW 63 (September 1982): 337-354.

2027 Burnham, John C. “Medical Inspection of Prostitutes in America in the Nineteenth Century: The St. Louis Experiment and Its Sequel.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 45, no.3 (1971): 203-218.

2028 Clark, Claudia. “Physicians, Reformers and Occupational Disease: The Discovery of Radium Poisoning.” WOMEN & HEALTH 12, no.2 (1987): 147-167.

2029 Clift, Elayne. “Goodbye to White Male Privilege: Women Challenge Health Care Research.” ON THE ISSUES 21 (Winter 1991): 7-9.

2030 Conner, Susan P. “Politics, Prostitution, and the Pox in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1799.” WESTERN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY 14 (November 1986): 183+.

2031 Deacon, Desley. “Taylorism in the Home: The Medical Profession, the Infant Welfare Movement and the Deskilling of Women.” AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 21, no.2 (1985): 161-173.

2032 Duden, Barbara. “History Beneath the Skin.” MICHIGAN QUARTERLY REVIEW 30 (Winter 1991): 174-190.

2033 Dye, Nancy Schrom, and Smith, Daniel Blake. “Mother Love and Infant Death, 1750-1920.” JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY 73 (1986): 329-53.

2034 Ferguson, Earline Rae. “The Woman’s Improvement Club of Indianapolis: Black Women Pioneers in Tuberculosis Work, 1903-1938.” INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 84, no.3 (1988): 237-261.

2035 Fildes, Valerie A. BREASTS, BOTTLES AND BABIES: A HISTORY OF INFANT FEEDING. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1986.

2036 Fildes, Valerie A. WET NURSING FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

2037 Forster, Elborg. “From the Patient’s Point of View: Illness and Health in the Letters of Liselotte von der Pfalz (1652-1722).” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 60 (1986): 297-320.

2038 Golden, Janet. “From Wet Nurse Directory to Milk Bank: The Delivery of Human Milk in Boston, 1909-1927.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 62 (1988): 589-605.

2039 Golden, Janet. “`Trouble in the Nursery’: Physicians, Families and Wet Nurses at the End of the Nineteenth Century.” In TO TOIL THE LIVELONG DAY: AMERICAN WOMEN AT WORK, 1790-1980, ed. by Carol Groneman and Mary Beth Norton, pp.125-137. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.

2040 Gordon, Bonnie. PHOSSY-JAW AND THE FRENCH MATCH WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND WOMEN IN THE THIRD REPUBLIC. New York: Garland, 1989.

2041 Gorham, Deborah, and Andrews, Florence Kellner. “The La Leche League: A Feminist Perspective.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, and Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.238-269. New York: Routledge, 1990.

2042 Gosling, F.G. “Dial Painters Project: Argonne National Laboratory’s Documentation of Radium Hazards to Workers.” LABOR’S HERITAGE 4, no.2 (Summer 1992): 64-77. Most of the workers were women and teenage girls.

2043 Harrison, Barbara. “`Some of Them Gets Lead Poisoned’: Occupational Lead Exposure in Women, 1880-1914.” SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 2 (1989): 171-195.

2044 Heifetz, Ruth. “Women, Lead and Reproductive Hazards: Defining a New Risk.” In DYING FOR WORK: WORKERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICA, ed. by David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, pp.160-176. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1987.

2045 Hoffer, Peter C., and Hull, N.E.H. MURDERING MOTHERS: INFANTICIDE IN ENGLAND AND NEW ENGLAND, 1558-1803. New York: New York University Press, 1981.

2046 Howe, H. “An Historical Review of Women, Smoking and Advertising.” HEALTH EDUCATION 15, no.3 (May/June 1984): 3-9.

2047 Jalland, Pat, and Hooper, John, eds. WOMEN FROM BIRTH TO DEATH: THE FEMALE LIFE CYCLE IN BRITAIN, 1830-1914. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International, 1986.

2048 Jones, Kathleen W. “Sentiment and Science: The Late Nineteenth Century Pediatrician as Mother’s Advisor.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 17 (Fall 1983): 79-96.

2049 Kolata, Gina. “Wet-nursing Boom in England Explored (Research by Valerie Fildes).” SCIENCE 235 (February 1987): 745-747.

2050 Ladd-Taylor, Molly. RAISING A BABY THE GOVERNMENT WAY: MOTHERS’ LETTERS TO THE CHILDREN’S BUREAU, 1915-1932. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1986.

2051 Ladd-Taylor, Molly. “Women’s Health and Public Policy.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.391-410. New York: Garland, 1990.

2052 Leavitt, Judith Walzer. “`Typhoid Mary’ Strikes Back: Bacteriological Theory and Practice in Early Twentieth-Century Public Health.” ISIS 83, no.4 (Dec. 1, 1992): 608-629.

2053 Leavitt, Judith Walzer, ed. WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. Essays provide comprehensive overview of women as patients and practitioners. Very useful bibliography of secondary sources.

2054 Lewis, Jane. “`Motherhood Issues’ in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” In DELIVERING MOTHERHOOD: MATERNAL IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, ed. by Katherine Arnup, Andree Levesque, & Ruth Roach Pierson, pp.1-19. New York: Routledge, 1990.

2055 Long, Diana E. “Moving Reprints: A Historian Looks at Sex Research Publications of the 1930s.” JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 45 (1990): 452-468.

2056 Loudon, Irvine. “On Maternal and Infant Mortality 1900-1960.” SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 4 (1991): 29-73.

2057 Lynaugh, Joan E. “Institutionalizing Women’s Health Care in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century America.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.247-269. New York: Garland, 1990.

2058 Marieskind, Helen. “The Women’s Health Movement.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 5 (1975): 217-223.

2059 Marks, Lara. “`Dear Old Mother Levy’s’: The Jewish Maternity Home and Sick Room Help Society 1895-1939.” SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 3 (April 1990): 61-88. See also reply by Enid Fox in SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 4, pp.117-122.

2060 Mitchell, Barbara J. “When the Wheels Began to Turn (Women and Cycling).” WOMEN’S SPORT & FITNESS 9 (March 1987): 14+

2061 Morantz, Regina Markell. “Making Women Modern: Middle-Class Women and Health Reform in 19th-Century America.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 10 (1977): 490-507. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.346-358. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

2062 Morantz, Regina Markell. “Nineteenth Century Health Reform and Women: A Program of Self-Help.” In MEDICINE WITHOUT DOCTORS: HOME HEALTH CARE IN AMERICAN HISTORY, ed. by Guenter B. Risse, Ronald L. Numbers, and Judith Walzer Leavitt, pp.73-93. New York: Science History Publications/USA, 1977.

2063 Nugent, Angela. “The Power to Define a New Disease: Epidemiological Politics and Radium Poisoning.” In DYING FOR WORK: WORKERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICA, ed. by David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, pp.177-191. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1987.

2064 Numbers, Ronald L. PROPHETESS OF HEALTH: ELLEN G. WHITE AND THE ORIGIN OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST HEALTH REFORM. 1992. White was a founder of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church and a health reformer interested in vegetarianism, hydropathy, and the building of sanitariums. This is a revised and enlarged edition of PROPHETESS OF HEALTH: A STUDY OF ELLEN G. WHITE (1976), with a new psychological profile co-authored by Janet S. Numbers, and an introduction by Jonathan M Butler.

2065 Olasky, Marvin N. THE PRESS AND ABORTION, 1838-1988. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum, 1988.

2066 Oudshoorn, Nelly. “On Measuring Sex Hormones: The Role of Biological Assays in Sexualizing Chemical Substances.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 64 (1990): 243-261. How endocrinologists during the 1920s and 1930s defined substances as male or female.

2067 Pauly, Philip J. “The Struggle for Ignorance About Alcohol: American Physiologists, Wilbur Olin Atwater, and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 64 (1990): 366-392.

2068 Peterson, David. “Wife Beating: An American Tradition.” JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY 23 (1992): 97-118.

2069 Punnett, Laura. “Women-Controlled Medicine — Theory and Practice in Nineteenth Century Boston.” WOMEN & HEALTH 1, no.4 (July/August 1976): 3-11.

2070 Retherford, Robert D. CHANGING SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN MORTALITY. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1975.

2071 Ruzek, Sheryl Burt. THE WOMEN’S HEALTH MOVEMENT: FEMINIST ALTERNATIVES TO MEDICAL CONTROL. New York: Praeger, 1978.

2072 Schwartz, Hillel. NEVER SATISFIED: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF DIETS, FANTASY, AND FAT. New York: Free Press, 1986.

2073 Seid, Roberta Pollack. NEVER TOO THIN: A HISTORY OF AMERICAN WOMEN’S OBSESSION WITH WEIGHT LOSS. New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1988.

2074 Sharpe, William D. “The New Jersey Radium Dial Painters: A Classic Case in Occupational Carcinogenesis.” BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 52 (1978): 560-70.

2075 Shorter, Edward. “The First Great Increase in Anorexia Nervosa.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 21, no.1 (1987): 69-96. Reportage increased throughout the 19th century and peaked around 1900.

2076 Silverstein, Brett. “Daughters of Ambition: High Incidence of Eating Disorders in Great Women of History.” PSYCHOLOGY TODAY 25 (March/April 1992): 11.

2077 Smart, Carol, ed. REGULATING WOMANHOOD: HISTORICAL ESSAYS ON MARRIAGE, MOTHERHOOD AND SEXUALITY. New York: Routledge, 1992.

2078 Steen, M. “Historical Perspectives on Women and Mental Illness and Prevention of Depression in Women, Using a Feminist Framework.” ISSUES IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 12, no.4 (October-December 1991): 359-374.

2079 Stovall, Mary E. “`To Be, to Do, and to Suffer’: Responses to Illness and Death in the Nineteenth-Century Central South.” JOURNAL OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY 52 (May 1990): 95-110.

2080 Treckel, Paula A. “Breastfeeding and Maternal Sexuality in Colonial America.” JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY 29 (1989): 25-52.

2081 Van Horn, Susan Householder. WOMEN, WORK, AND FERTILITY, 1900-1986. New York: New York University Press, 1988.

2082 Verbrugge, Lois M. “Pathways of Health and Death.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.41-79. New York: Garland, 1990.

2083 Verbrugge, Martha H. ABLE-BODIED WOMANHOOD: PERSONAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BOSTON. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Case study of health reform in Boston between 1830 and 1900. Examines three institutions that popularized physiology and exercise among middle-class women: The Ladies’ Physiological Institute, Wellesley College, and the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics.

2084 Verbrugge, Martha H. “Knowledge and Power: Health and Physical Education for Women in America.” In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple, pp.369-390. New York: Garland, 1990.

2085 Verbrugge, Martha H. “The Social Meaning of Personal Health: The Ladies’ Physiological Institute of Boston and Vicinity in the 1850’s.” In HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA: ESSAYS IN SOCIAL HISTORY, ed. by Susan Reverby and David Rosner, pp.45-66. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979. Covers 19th-century popular self-education in physiology and hygiene.

2086 Vertinsky, Patricia A. THE ETERNALLY WOUNDED WOMAN: WOMEN, DOCTORS, AND EXERCISE IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Manchester, UK; New York: Manchester University Press; distr. St. Martin’s Press, 1990.

2087 Vertinsky, Patricia A. “Feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Pursuit of Health and Physical Fitness as a Strategy for Emancipation.” JOURNAL OF SPORT HISTORY 16, no.1 (1989): 5-26.

2088 Vertinsky, Patricia A. “God, Science and the Market Place: The Bases for Exercise Prescriptions for Females in Nineteenth Century North America.” CANADIAN JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF SPORT 17, no.1 (1986): 38-44.

2089 Vertinsky, Patricia A. “Of No Use Without Health: Late Nineteenth Century Medical Prescriptions for Female Exercise Through the Life Span.” WOMEN & HEALTH 14, no.1 (1988): 89-115.

2090 Webster, Charles, ed. BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, AND SOCIETY, 1840-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. See Brian Harrison’s “Women’s Health and the Women’s Movement in Britain 1840-1940,” Carol Dyhouse’s “Working-class Mothers and Infant Mortality in England 1895-1940,” and other papers.

2091 Weiss, Nancy Pottishman. “The Mother-Child Dyad Revisited: Perceptions of Mothers and Children in the Twentieth Century Child-Rearing Manuals.” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 34, no.2 (Spring 1978): 29-45.

2092 Williams, Perry. “The Laws of Health: Women, Medicine and Sanitary Reform, 1850-1890.” In SCIENCE AND SENSIBILITY: GENDER AND SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, 1780-1945, ed. by Marina Benjamin, pp.60-88. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.