Mentoring in Specific Disciplines

Education (K-12 Teaching and Administering)

Fleming, Karen A. “Mentoring: Is It the Key to Opening Doors For Women in Educational Administration?” EDUCATION CANADA 31, no. 3 (Fall 1991): 27-33. Positive view of mentoring as means of advancing careers in educational administration.

Hill, Marie Somers and Joyce C. Ragland. WOMEN AS EDUCATIONAL LEADERS: OPENING WINDOWS, PUSHING CEILINGS. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1995. Chapter six discusses the importance of mentoring relationships to women pursuing leadership roles in education.

Luebkemann, Heinz and Jacqueline Clemens. “Mentors for Women Entering Administration: A Program That Works.” NASSP BULLETIN 78, no. 559 (February 1994): 42-45. Reports on a study on six women school principals. Having well-matched administrator mentors helped.

Pence, L. Jean. “Learning Leadership Through Mentorships.” In WOMEN LEADING IN EDUCATION, ed. by Diane M. Dunlap and Patricia A. Schmuck, 125-144. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. Reports on two mentorship studies in Oregon public schools analyzing formal and informal mentoring. They showed that the “most vital factors” to both types are “trust, mutual respect, friendship, commitment, and communication” (p.130).

Law

Mobley, G.Melton, et al. “Mentoring, Job Satisfaction, Gender and the Legal Professsion.” SEX ROLES 31, no. 1/2 (1994): 79-98. Having a mentor improved job satisfaction for both men and women lawyers studied.

Library and Information Studies

Harris, Roma. “The Mentoring Trap.” LIBRARY JOURNAL 118, no. 17 (October 15, 1993): 37. Warns that mentor-protege relationships help some, but haven’t brought enough women or minorities into leadership roles.

Logsdon, Janis. “Need Help?…Ask Your Mentor.” JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION 17, no. 3 (1992): 87-101. Addresses how mentors help library careers.

Maack, Mary Niles and Joanne E. Passet. ASPIRATIONS AND MENTORING IN AN ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT: WOMEN FACULTY IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. 232 p. Includes chapters on Mentoring and Career Patterns, the Mentoring Relationship, Academic Mentoring in Perspective, an article by Toni Carbo Bearman (“Reflections of a Dean On Opportunities For Women and On the Role of Mentoring”), and contributions on a variety of issues for women faculty in library and informationscience.html by Phyllis Dain, Margaret F. Stieg, Kathleen de la Pena McCook, and Jane Borsch Robbins.

McNeer, Elizabeth J. “The Mentoring Influence In the Careers of Women ARL Directors.” JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION 9, no. 2 (1988): 23-33. About women heads of member libraries in the Association of Research Libraries.

Maack, Mary Niles and Joanne E. Passet. “Unwritten Rules: Mentoring Women Faculty.” LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 15 (Spring 1993): 117-141. About mentoring women faculty in library schools.

Schneider, Karen G. “Four Librarians of the Apocalypse; Or, What Part of the Paradigm Don’t You Understand?” WILSON LIBRARY BULLETIN 69, no. 2 (October 1994): 35-38. Describes the role mentors had in the career development of four women involved with library automation.

Medicine/Dentistry/Pharmacy

Adler, N.E. “Women Mentors Needed in Academic Medicine.” WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. 154, no. 4 (1991): 468-79. (Editorial).

Baker, F.M. “The Black Woman Academic Psychiatrist.” ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 17, no. 4 (Winter 1993): 194-201. The presence of a mentor is a significant factor contributing to the decision of Black women psychiatric residents to choose academic medicine over clinical.

Friedman, Paula K. “Mentors: Who Are They? Where Are They? Do We Need Them?” JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION 56, no. 8 (August 1992): 566-70. Says mentors are helpful, but personal drive and ability count for more.

Hills, Heidi L. “Women Dentists As Academicians: What Are the Issues?” JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION 56, no. 8 (August 1992): 571-572. Summary of a workshop on women dental school faculty, including the importance of family members as mentors.

Levinson, W., K. Kaufman, B. Clark, and S.W. Tolle. “Mentors and Role Models For Women In Academic Medicine.” WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 154, no. 4 (1991): 423-426.

Roche, Victoria F. “Facilitating Professional Development in Women Pharmacy Faculty: Role Models, Mentors and Networks As Resources For Academic Success.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 54, no. 4 (1990): 367-369. Calls for development of mechanisms to foster leadership skills among women pharmacy faculty.

Nursing

Alexander, Doreene Ward. “An Exploration of Attributes Present in a Mentor-Protege Relationship in Nursing Education Administration.” In WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES, ed. by Lynne Brodie Welch, 199-208. New York: Praeger, 1990. A study of nursing school deans and factors influencing mentorship relationships. Among the elements considered positive were having frequent informal discussions and having a well-educated and friendly mentor with expertise in the area of interest.

DeMarco, Rosanna. “Mentorship: A Feminist Critique of Current Research.” JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING 18, no. 8 (1993): 1242-1250. Suggests that those who research reciprocal professional nurse relationships/mentorships should explore alternate ways of knowing through sharing of stories.

Taylor, Laurie Jowers. “A Survey of Mentor Relationships in Academe.” JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING 8, no. 1 (January/February, 1992): 48-55. Sixty percent of nurse academicians surveyed reported having had one or more mentors. A mentor profile emerged, which is described.

Thompson, Cesarina M. “Mentoring Among Nurse-Faculty.” In WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES, ed. by Lynne Brodie Welch, 216-222. New York: Praeger, 1990. Mentorship is vital to nurses developing the scholarly role.

Mathematics and Science

Barber, Betty, et al. “The Academy in Mentoring: A Model For Encouraging the Academic Achievement of Young Adolescent Girls.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Teacher Educators (Atlanta, GA: February 22-26, 1986). 18 p. Reports on a project using mentoring by teachers and counselors to increase the number of junior high school girls electing mathematics, science, and technical courses in high school and college.

Bird, Stephanie J., Project Director, et al. MENTORING MEANS FUTURE SCIENTISTS: A GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING MENTORING PROGRAMS BASED ON THE AWIS MENTORING PROJECT. Washington, DC: Association for Women in Science, 1993. 148 p.

Bird, Stephanie J. and Catherine J. Didion. “Retaining Women Science Students: A Mentoring Project of the Association for Women in Science.” INITIATIVES 55, no. 3 (1993): 3-11. Reports on results of Alfred P. Sloan Foundation grant to AWIS to develop and enhance mentoring activities with college students throughout the United States.

Braus, Patricia. “Moms Help Daughters Stick to Science.” AMERICAN DEMOGRAPHICS 15 (August 1993): 18-20. Discusses Wellesley College study on importance of mothers’ encouragement to daughters contemplating careers inscience.html.

Byrne, Eileen M. WOMEN AND SCIENCE: THE SNARK SYNDROME. Bristol, PA: Falmer Press, 1993. See chapter 4: The Mentor Process: Selective Choice or Policy Mechanism? Discusses critical importance of mentors to careers of women scientists as seen from reviewing their biographies. Reviews definition(s) of, subtle factors associated with, and empirical research on mentoring. Concludes that mentorship “does form some part of institutional ecology (visibly or invisibly, consciously or at the embedded level)” and “it is critically influential at the level of the discipline…”(p.149).

Carey, H.V. “Women in Physiology Mentoring Program.” THE PHYSIOLOGIST 36, no. 1 (February 1993): 1+.

Didion, Catherine Jay. “Attracting Graduate and Undergraduate Women As Science Majors.” JOURNAL OF COLLEGE SCIENCE TEACHING 22 (May 1993): 336+. On the mentoring project of the Association for Women in Science.

Didion, Catherine Jay. “Mentoring Women in Science.” EDUCATIONAL HORIZONS 73 (Spring 1995): 141-4. Description of the AWIS Mentoring Project including discussion of the benefits of mentoring to the mentors.

Fort, Deborah C., Stephanie J. Bird, and Catherine Jay Didion. A HAND UP: WOMEN MENTORING WOMEN IN SCIENCE. Washington, DC: Association for Women in Science, 1993. 349 p. Includes interviews with women scientists and students, essays about mentoring, and covers guidelines, resources, and networks. Available from AWIS, 1522 K Street, NW, Suite 829, Washington, DC 20005.

Gibbons, Ann. “Key Issue: Mentoring: Women Have Trouble Finding Senior Scientists To Guide Them Toward Career Success.” SCIENCE 255 (March 13, 1992): 1368. This article is in a special section on women inscience.html. Quotes sociologist Kathryn Ward’s finding that most successful women scientists attended women’s colleges or found mentors in non-traditional ways. Those without mentors or with negative mentoring experiences may have trouble getting grants, jobs, or being published.

Grant, Linda, et al. “Mentoring, Gender, and Careers of Academic Scientists.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Atlanta, GA, April 12-16, 1993). Discusses effective mentoring of women and members of minorities. Concludes that they generally find mentors and have effective relationships with them, although gender and race-related problems cause difficulties in sustaining the relationships. 40 p. ED361299, available from EDRS.

Niewoehner, Elizabeth S. “Mentoring Works and Here Are the Results!” AWIS MAGAZINE 22, no. 3 (July/August 1993): 14-15. Summarizes findings of AWIS Mentoring Project, in which sixty-one percent of student participants surveyed thought the program had helped them identify and address perceived barriers to women entering and staying inscience.html. (See Bird and Didion citations in this section.)

Nolan, Deborah. “Women in Statistics in Academe: Mentors Matter.” STATISTICAL SCIENCE 7, no. 2 (May 1992): 267-272.

Pope, Carol J. “Models for Mentoring in the Soft and Hard Sciences.” WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION (January 1994): 5. Summarizes the research by Linda Grant and Kathryn Ward presented at the American Anthropology Association Annual Meeting (Washington, DC, November 1993).

“Science in the U.S. — With One Hand Tied Behind Us.” HOOD ON THE ISSUES 1 (1988-89): 3-14. Discusses strategies including mentoring for retention of women students in science and engineering by Hood College, a predominantly female institution.

Subotnik, Rena F. and Cynthia L. Steiner. “Adult Manifestations of Adolescent Talent in Science.” ROEPER REVIEW 15 (February/March 1993): 164-69. Part of a special issue “Longitudinal Studies in Gifted Education.” Ninety-eight Westinghouse Talent Search winners were studied at age 26. Mentors were particularly important as a factor to the 66 percent of the women who had stayed in scientific careers.

Social Work

Berger, R.M. “Getting Published: A Mentoring Program For Social Work Faculty.” SOCIAL WORK 35, no. 1 (January 1990): 69-71. Describes a program in the Department of Social Work at California State University, Long Beach to facilitate publication by women and minority social work faculty.

Farr, Patricia Aylward. “The Mentor Relationship: Application of Theory to the Practice of Social Work.” In WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES, ed. by Lynne B. Welch, 209-215. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1990. Mentoring is compatible with social work methodology and is desirable from the standpoint of mentor, mentee, and their clients.

Robbins, Susan P. “Mentorship in Social Work Education: Do Women Lose Out?” ARETE 14, no. 1 (Summer 1989): 1-9. This study found that while women have mentors of either gender, men are most often mentored by other men.