Secondary Sources

ARTICLES

Ansah, A. (2018, August 16). Votes for women means votes for Black women. National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/votes-women-means-votes-black-women

Dionne, E. (2017, August 18). Women’s suffrage leaders left out Black women. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/womens-suffrage-leaders-left-out-black-women

Kaiser, L. (2010, Feb. 3). Ezekiel Gillespie: Milwaukee’s champion of African-American voting rights. Shepherd Express. https://shepherdexpress.com/news/features/ezekiel-gillespie-milwaukee-s-champion-african-american-voting-rights/

Kolmer, E. (1972). Nineteenth century women’s rights movement. Negro History Bulletin, 35(8), 178.

Mayo, E. (n.d.). African American women leaders in the suffrage movement. Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. https://suffragistmemorial.org/african-american-women-leaders-in-the-suffrage-movement/

Staples, B. (2018, July 28). How the suffrage movement betrayed Black women. The New York Times.

Staples, B. (2019, Feb. 2). When the suffrage movement sold out to white supremacy. The New York Times.

Ware, Susan. (2019, April 23). It’s time to return black women to the center of the history of women’s suffrage. The Washington Post.

Watkins, V. (2016). Votes for women: Race, gender, and W.E.B. Du Bois’s advocacy of woman suffrage. Phylon, 53(2). 3-19.

Wesleyan University. (n.d.). Black women & the suffrage movement: 1848-1923. https://www.wesleyan.edu/mlk/posters/suffrage.html#

AUDIO/VIDEO

Browne-Marshall, G. (2017, Oct. 13). Black women and the suffrage movement. C-Span. https://www.c-span.org/video/?434697-3/black-women-suffrage-movement

National Public Radio. (2011, July 13). For Stanton, all women were not created equal. NPR.com. https://www.npr.org/2011/07/13/137681070/for-stanton-all-women-were-not-created-equal

BOOKS AND CHAPTERS

Gordon, A.D. & Collier-Thomas, B. (Eds.). (1997). African American women and the vote, 1837-1965. University of Massachusetts Press.

Hine, D.C., King, W., & Reed, L. (Eds.). (1995). “We specialize in the wholly impossible”: A reader in Black women’s history. NYU Press.

Schultz, R.L. & Hast, A. (Eds.). (2001). Women building Chicago 1790-1990: A biographical dictionary. Indiana University Press. [see pp. XL-XLI of the Introduction for “Black Clubwomen and Suffrage,” pp. 955-960 for Ida B. Wells-Barnett biography].

Terborg-Penn, R. (1995). African American women and the woman suffrage movement. In M.S. Wheeler (Ed.), One woman, one vote: Rediscovering the woman suffrage movement. NewSage Press.

Terborg-Penn, R. (1998). African American women in the struggle for the vote: 1850-1920. Indiana University Press.

Terborg-Penn, R. (2004). Discontented Black feminists: Prelude and postscript to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. In J. Bobo, C. Hudley, & C. Michel (Eds.), The Black studies reader (65-78). Routledge.

Ware, S. (2019). Why they marched: Untold stories of the women who fought for the right to vote. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.